(All information herein is the property of
TradeStation.
All terms and
definitions can be found in the TradeStation manuals and help files.)
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Open O |
High H |
Low L |
Close C |
Bar |
CurrentBar |
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Volume |
OpenInt I |
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Today |
Yesterday |
Tomorrow |
Ago |
Day |
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Above |
Below |
Crosses Over |
Crosses Under |
Crosses Above |
Crosses Below |
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Alert |
Buy |
Sell |
ExitLong |
ExitShort |
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And |
Or |
If |
Then |
Else |
Begin |
End |
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Input |
Variable |
Inputs |
Variables |
Var |
Vars |
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Condition0 … Condition99 |
Value0 … Value99 |
Contract(s) |
Cost |
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Date |
Time |
Data1 … Data50 |
DownTo |
While |
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Plot1 … Plot4 |
From |
Point(s) |
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Sunday |
Monday |
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Thursday |
Friday |
Saturdayy |
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Word or Symbol |
Meaning |
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# |
Character used to denote compiler directives |
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( |
Open parenthesis, used in formulas |
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) |
Close parenthesis, used in formulas |
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* |
Multiplication sign |
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Addition sign |
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Subtraction sign |
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Division sign |
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< |
Less than sign |
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<= |
Less than or equal to sign |
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<> |
Not equal to sign |
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= |
Equal to sign |
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> |
Greater than sign |
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>= |
Greater than or equal to sign |
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[ |
The square brackets are used to designate offsets. To say “three bars ago” you would say [3]. Square brackets are also used in identifying array elements. For example, MyArray[4] is element number four in the array called MyArray. MyArray[4,2] would be the fourth element in the 2nd column of the array called MyArray. |
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Is the closed square bracket. See above. |
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{ |
The curly bracket, also known as French Braces, is used to designate the beginning of a comment text area. You may write notes of explanation or reminders about what you wanted to do with this section of code, and include it in curly brackets. TradeStation ignores anything within the set of curly brackets, { … } |
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Is the closed comment brace. See above. |
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1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
#BEGINALERT
A compiler directive including all EasyLanguage instructions between #BeginAlert and #End in the analysis technique’s calculation when the Enable Alert check box is selected and the study is evaluating the last bar of a chart. All syntax between #BeginAlert and #End are ignored, including the calculation of MaxBarsBack, unless the Enable Alert check box is selected in charting and the analysis technique is evaluating the last bar of a chart.
Example
#BeginAlert
If Close[50] > Close and ADX(Length) > ADX(Length)[1] then Alert("ADX Alert");
#End;
#BEGINCMTRY
A compiler directive that executes the EasyLanguage instructions between #BeginCmtry and #End only when using the Expert Commentary tool to select a bar on a chart or a cell in a grid.
Note that all statements between the #BeginCmtry and #End are ignored, including calculation of MaxBarsBack, unless commentary is generated.
Example
{ Calling Accumulation Swing Index Expert Commentary }
#BeginCmtry
Commentary(ExpertADX(Plot1));
#End;
#BEGINCMTRYORALERT
A compiler directive that executes the EasyLanguage instructions between #BeginCmtryOrAlert and #End only when the Enable Alert check box is selected when using the Expert Commentary tool to select a bar on a chart or a cell in a grid.
Note that all statements between #BeginCmtryOrAlert and #End are ignored, including calculation of MaxBarsBack, unless the Enable Alert check box is selected or commentary is generated.
Example
{ Calling Accumulation Swing Index Expert Commentary }
#BeginCmtryOrAlert
If Close[50] > Close and ADX(Length) > ADX(Length)[1] then Alert("ADX Alert");
Commentary(ExpertADX(Plot1));
#End;
#END
A compiler directive used in conjunction with #BeginAlert, #BeginCmtry, and #BeginCmtryorAlert to terminate an alert or commentary statement.
Example
{ Calling Accumulation Swing Index Expert Commentary }
#BeginCmtryOrAlert
If Close[50] > Close and ADX(Length) > ADX(Length)[1] then Alert("ADX Alert");
Commentary(ExpertADX(Plot1));
#End;
Skip word.
This word is ignored (“skipped”) in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code. By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If a Close is > 100 Then …
the word "a" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
This word is used to check for the direction of a cross between values. It is used in conjunction with the reserved word “crosses" to detect when a value crosses above, or becomes greater than, another value. A value (Value1) crosses above another value (Value2) whenever Value1 is greater than Value2 in the current bar, but Value 1 was equal to or less than Value 2 in the previous bar. Above is a synonym for the reserved word “Over.”
Examples
If Plot1 Crosses Above Plot2 Then Buy This Bar;
If Value1 Crosses Above Value2 Then Buy This Bar;
Returns the absolute value of the input value “num,” a numeric expression.
Examples
Value1=AbsValue(-25.543) returns a value of 25.543
Value1=AbsValue( 25.778) returns a value of 25.778
Refers to values from another reference point. Ago can also be referred to as an offset, and can be represented by using notation consisting of a number in square brackets where x is the number of points offset.
Examples
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True/False value will determine whether the study generates an alert condition.
A True value for Alert will only generate an alert when alerts have been enabled for the study in the Properties tab.
Alerts are only generated for the last bar.
Example
Alert = True will generate an alert if the Enable Alert check box are enabled under the Properties tab.
Additional Example
If you only wanted an alert to be triggered under certain conditions, you could use the following syntax:
If {Your Alert Criteria} Then Alert = True;
Returns True if alerts have been enabled in the Properties tab of an analysis technique. False is returned if alerts are not enabled.
Alerts are only generated for the last bar.
Example
AlertEnabled will return True if alerts have been enabled.
Additional Example
If you only wanted code to be evaluated only when the user had set the study to enable alerts, you could use the following syntax:
If AlertEnabled Then
Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Used in conjunction with "share(s)" or "contract(s)" in trading strategies specifying that all shares/contracts are to be sold (for long positions) or covered (for short positions) when exiting the current position.
Example
If Condition1 then ExitLong all shares next bar at market;
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If an Open is > 100 Then …
the word "an" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
This boolean operator is used in condition statements to check multiple conditions.
AND requires that in order for a condition to be True, all conditions must be True.
Examples
If Plot1 Crosses Above Plot2 And Plot2 > 5 Then …
AND is used here to determine if the direction of the cross of the values Plot1 and Plot2, and that Plot2 is greater than 5 are both True on the bar under consideration. If either is False, the condition returns False.
If Value1 Crosses Above Value2 And Value1 > Value1[1] Then …
AND is used here to determine if the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2, and that Value1 is greater that Value1 of one bar ago are both True on the bar under consideration. If either is False, the condition returns False.
Returns the arctangent value of the specified (Num) of degrees.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The arctangent is the inverse of the tangent function.
(Num) should be the number of degrees in the angle.
Examples
ArcTangent(45) returns a value of 88.7270.
ArcTangent(72) returns a value of 89.2043.
Reserved word used to declare variable names that can contain multiple values.
A variable declared as an array can hold more than one value at the same time.
The number of values that can be held by an Array is determined when the Array name is declared by a number in square brackets, following the variable name.
The initial value of an Array can be determined for all values by one number in parenthesis after the declaration.
Examples
Array: AnyName[4](0); declares the variable AnyName that can hold four distinct values and initializes them to zero.
Array: NewName[10](5); declares the variable NewName that can hold ten distinct values and initializes each value to five.
Reserved word used to declare multiple variable names that can contain multiple values.
A variable declared as an array can hold more than one value at the same time.
The number of values that can be held by an Array is determined when the Array name is declared by a number in square brackets, following the variable name.
The initial value of an Array can be determined for all values by one number in parenthesis after the declaration.
Examples
Arrays: AnyName[4](0), AnotherName[4](0); declares the variables AnyName and AnotherName that can hold four distinct values each, and initializes all of the values to zero.
Array: OldName[10](5),NewName[10](5); declares the variables OldName and NewName that can hold ten distinct values and initializes each value to five.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Returns the ask value of an option or leg calculated by a Bid/Ask Model.
Example
If Ask of Option - Close of Option < .125 then
Alert("Very Low Ask");
Refers to an option's underlying asset in OptionStation.
Example
Value1 = Volume of Asset;
AssetType
Evaluates a position leg to determine if it is an asset.
Example
If LegType of Leg(1) = AssetType Then {Your Operation Here}
Returns the volatility of the underlying asset.
If no value is available for AssetVolatility, then zero is returned.
Example
If AssetVolatility > 50 Then {Your Operation Here}
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
Buy 100 Contracts at Market; the word "at" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
Used in trading strategies to anchor exit prices to the bar where the entry order was placed. At$ must be used in conjunction with an entry order that has an assigned label.
Example
The following strategy buys when the 10-bar moving average crosses over the 20-bar moving average, placing a stop loss order 1 point under the Low of the bar where the cross over occurred by appending At$ to the ExitLong statement.
If Average(Close, 10) Crosses Over Average(Close,20) then
Buy ("MA Cross Over") next bar at market;
ExitLong from entry("MA Cross Over") At$ Low - 1 point stop;
Returns True if the user has selected this bar as the Expert Commentary Bar. False is returned if the bar is not the Expert Commentary bar, or if the user has not inserted the Expert Commentary Tool.
Example
AtCommentaryBar will return True if the bar has been selected with the Expert Commentary Tool.
Additional Example
If you only wanted begin a commentary section based on the selected bar, you could use the following syntax:
If AtCommentaryBar Then
Begin
{Your Commentary Code Here}
End;
Returns the Average number of bars that elapsed during losing trades for all closed trades.
Examples
AvgBarsLosTrade returns 3 if the number of bars elapsed during 4 losing trades were 4, 3, 6, and 2.
AvgBarsLosTrade returns 5 if the number of bars elapsed during 2 losing trades were 7 and 3.
Returns the Average number of bars that elapsed during winning trades for all closed trades.
Examples
AvgBarsWinTrade returns 3 if the number of bars elapsed during 4 winning trades were 4, 3, 6and 2.
AvgBarsWinTrade returns 5 if the number of bars elapsed during 2 winning trades were 7, and 3.
Returns the Average entry price of each open entry in a pyramided position.
AvgEntryPrice only returns the average entry price for open trades.
Examples
AvgEntryPrice returns 150 if three trades are currently open and were entered at a price of 130, 145 and 175.
AvgEntryPrice returns 50 if four trades are currently open and were entered at a price of 42, 53, 37 and 68.
Returns the average value of the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
The AvgList calculates a simple average of all of the values of (Numx). The sum of all values of Num divided by the number of members.
Examples
AvgList(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 75.
AvgList(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 48.5.
References the open, high, low and closing prices for a specific interval. The interval is determined by the data compression of the symbol.
Bar is normally used with the reserved word Ago to specify a value or condition (usually 1) "Bar Ago". When the data compression is set to Daily, this and the reserved word Day are identical.
Examples
Close of 1 Bar Ago returns the Close price of the previous bar.
ExitShort this bar on close orders a trading strategy to exit all long positions on the close of the current bar.
Additional Example
Buy ("Signal Name") next bar at open; will buy at the opening price of the next bar.
Reserved word that returns the number of minutes used for the time compression that an analysis technique is applied to. BarInterval is only valid when used on minute-based charts.
Examples
Condition1 = BarInterval = 5 is a statement that will cause Condition1 to be true if the analysis technique is applied to a 5 minute chart.
CalcTime(Sess1StartTime, BarInterval) will add the time compression of a bar to the start time of the asset trading.
Additional Example
CalcTime(Sess1EndTime, -BarInterval) returns the time of the last bar before the close of the trading session.
Used to reference a set of price data based on the compression to which a technique is applied.
Bars is normally used with the reserved word Ago to specify a value or condition any number of "Bars Ago".
Examples
Close of 5 Bars Ago returns the Close price of the bar 5 bars previous to the current bar.
Average(Close, 10) of 5 bars ago returns the Average of the last 10 Close prices as calculated on the previous bar.
Additional Example
Buy ("Signal Name") next bar at open will buy when the formation of the current bar is complete, based on the type of compression of the bar.
Returns the number of bars since the specified entry.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago. This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
BarsSinceEntry(2) would return a value of 68 if it has been 68 bars since the entry that occurred 2 positions ago.
Returns the number of bars since the specified exit.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago. This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
BarsSinceExit(2) would return a value of 46 if it has been 46 bars since the exit that occurred 2 positions ago.
Used with multiple data series (same symbol, different data compressions) or ActivityBar studies to determine whether the current tick is the opening or closing tick of a bar in the other data series, or whether it is a trade ‘inside the bar.’
DataNum is used to specify the data series to evaluate. 1 refers to Data1, 2 to Data2 and so on. The data series must be applied to the chart. For example, to use BarStatus (2), a second data series must be applied to the chart.
This reserved word is generally used with ActivityBar studies. For example, it is useful to know when the closing tick of the ActivityBar is the last trade of the ‘big’ bar or a tick within the bar:
2 = the closing tick of the bar
1 = a tick within the bar
0 = an opening tick (valid only when referring to the open of the next bar)
-1 = an error in the execution of the reserved word
Example
To perform an operation when the ActivityBar is the last trade of the ‘big’ bar, you could write:
If BarStatus(1) = 2 Then {Your Operation Here}
… where Data1 is the price chart, and your analysis technique is an ActivityBar study.
This word is a skip word retained for backward compatibility.
This word is used to begin a series of code that should be executed on the basis of an If… Then, If… Then… Else, For, or While statement.
Begin is only necessary if using more than one line of code after an If… Then, If… Then… Else, For, or While statement.
Each Begin must have a corresponding End.
Examples
If Condition1 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End; Begin is used here to include the execution of Line1 and Line2 only when Condtion1 is True.
If Condition1 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line3}
{Your Code Line4, etc.}
End;
Begin is used here twice to include the execution of Line1 and Line2 only when Condtion1 is True and execute Line3 and Line4 only when Condition1 is False.
This word is used to check for the direction of a cross between values.
Used in conjunction with the "crosses" to detect when a value crosses below, or becomes less than another value. A value (Value1) crosses below another value (Value2) whenever Value1 is greater than Value2 in the current bar but Value 1 was equal to or less than Value 2 in the previous bar.
Below is a synonym for Under.
Examples
If Plot1 Crosses Below Plot2 Then …
Below is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the values Plot1 and Plot2.
If Value1 Crosses Below Value2 Then…
Below is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2.
Returns the Beta value of a stock.
A Beta of 1 means that as the market moves, the stock should follow along.
Examples
Beta returns 3 if the stock should move up 3% for each 1% move of the market.
Beta returns .5 if the stock should move up half as much as the market.
Returns the Beta_Down value of a stock.
A Beta_Down is the same as Beta, however used when the market is going down.
Examples
Beta_Down returns 3 if the stock should move 3% for each 1% move of the market.
Beta_Down returns .5 if the stock should move half as much as the market.
Returns the Beta_Up value of a stock.
Beta_Up is the same as Beta, however used when the market is going up.
Examples
Beta_Up returns 3 if the stock should move 3% for each 1% move of the market.
Beta_Up returns .5 if the stock should move half as much as the market.
Returns the bid value of an option or leg calculated by a Bid/Ask Model.
Example
If Close of Option - Bid of Option < .125 then Alert("Very Low Bid");
Returns the dollar value represented by one full point of a security’s price.
BigPointValue reads the field Big Point Value specified in the Symbol Dictionary.
Examples
Close * BigPointValue returns the current value of an asset.
CurrentContracts * BigPointValue returns the value of a current position.
Additional Example
The initial amount needed to enter a trade can be given by:
Value1 = BigPointValue * EntryPrice;
Sets the plot color or background color to Black.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, "Test", Black) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Black.
TL_SetColor(1, Black) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Black.
Returns the Block Number of the security block attached to the machine.
The BlockNumber function can be used to check for the presence of a particular security block before ploting an indicator.
Examples
If you wanted to only display an indicator when the user had block number 55522 attached to the machine, you could use the following syntax:
If BlockNumber = 55522 Then Plot1(Value1, "Indicator");
Sets the plot color or background color to Blue.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, "Test", Blue) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Blue.
TL_SetColor(1, Blue) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Blue.
Returns the Book value per share of a stock.
Book_Val_Per_Share is calculated by dividing Common Shareholders Equity by the number of shares outstanding.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in the TradeStation Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Reserved word used to refer to the minimum change in price that is required for the addition of an X to the top or an O to the bottom of a Point & Figure column.
The BoxSize is set when creating a Point & Figure column.
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Break Even Stop LX and Break Even Stop SX.
Used to generate an order for a Long Entry.
The earliest order entry that can be generated is for the close of the current bar.
Orders can be generated for:
· this bar on Close
· next bar at Market
· next bar at PRICE Stop
· next bar at PRICE Limit
An entry statement consists of: Entry/Exit order, Signal name, number of
contracts, timing, Price, Market/Stop/Limit.
Examples
Buy ("LongEntry") 5 contracts this bar on close; generates an order to enter a long position of 5 contracts at the Close of the current bar.
Buy ("NextEntry") next bar at market; generates an order to enter a long position at the first price of next bar.
Additional Example
Buy ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to enter a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or higher.
Skip word.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in the TradeStation Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Shortcut notation that returns the Close of the bar.
Anytime the Close of a bar is needed, the letter C can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
C of 1 bar ago returns the Close price of the previous bar.
Average(C, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Close prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Close prices higher than the previous bar write:
If C > C[1] and C[1] > C[2] then Plot1(High,"ClosedUp");
Used to determine if an option or leg analyzed is a call.
Example
If OptionType of Option = Call Then {Your Operation Here}
Returns the number of calls in the option chain.
CallCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = CallCount of Asset;
This word has been reserved for future use.
This word has been reserved for future use.
Returns the number of call series available in the option chain.
CallSeriesCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = CallSeriesCount of Asset;
Returns the number of strike prices available for calls in the option chain.
CallStrikeCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = CallStrikeCount of Asset;
Cancel is used to cancel Alerts that have been previously triggered.
Cancel must always be followed by “Alert” in EasyLanguage code.
Alerts are only generated for the last bar.
Example
Cancel Alert will cancel any alerts previously enabled.
Additional Example
If you wanted to cancel any alerts that have previously been enabled within the code based on certain criteria, you could use the following syntax:
If {Your Criteria Here} Then Cancel Alert;
Returns the lowest integer greater than the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
Ceiling(4.5) returns a value of 5.
Ceiling(-1.72) returns a value of -1.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in the TradeStation Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Returns True on only the last bar if alerts have been enabled in the Properties tab of the study. False is returned if alerts are not enabled, and every bar except the last bar.
CheckAlert differs from AlertEnabled by only checking the value in the Properties tab of the study to see if alerts are enabled on the last bar.
Alerts are only generated for the last bar.
Example
CheckAlert will return True if alerts have been enabled and the bar is the last bar.
Additional Example
If you only wanted code to be evaluated only on the last bar and only when the user had set the study to enable alerts, you could use the following syntax:
If CheckAlert Then
Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Returns True if the user clicks on a chart with the Expert Commentary pointer on the specified bar. False is returned if the pointer has not been inserted, or if the pointer was inserted on a different bar.
Example
CheckCommentary will return True if the Expert Commentary Tool has been inserted for the specified bar.
Additional Example
If you only wanted code to be evaluated for the bar where the user had inserted the Expert Commentary Tool, you could use the following syntax:
If CheckCommentary Then
Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Reserved word used to return the last price of the specified time increment or group of ticks. C and Close are synonymous. Close is also synonymous with Last.
Examples
Close of 1 bar ago returns the Close price of the previous bar.
Average(Close, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Close prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Close prices higher than the previous bar write:
If Close > Close[1] and Close[1] > Close[2] then Plot1(High,"ClosedUp");
Sends the expression to the commentary window for the bar that is selected by the commentary pointer.
Commentary(“My Expression”) ;
where MyExpression is a single or a list of numerical, string or true/false expressions separated by commas, that are to be sent to the commentary window.
Example
The following will result in the string “This is one line of commentary” being sent to the commentary window. Any additional commentary sent will be placed on the same line.
Commentary(“This is one line of commentary”) ;
You can use the Commentary reserved word multiple times, and it will not include a carriage return at the end of each expression (or list of expressions) sent. In order to generate a message that includes carriage returns, you will have to use either the NewLine or CommentaryCL reserved word.
Sends the expression to the commentary window for the bar that is selected by the commentary pointer.
CommentaryCL(“My Expression”) ;
where MyExpression is a single or a list of numerical, string or true/false expressions separated by commas, that are to be sent to the commentary window.
Example
The following will result in the string “This is one line of commentary” being sent to the commentary window. Any additional commentary sent will be placed on the next line.
CommentaryCL(“This is one line of commentary”) ;
You can use the CommentaryCL reserved word multiple times, and it will include a carriage return at the end of each expression (or list of expressions) sent. In order to generate a message that does not include carriage returns, use the reserved word Commentary.
Returns True for every bar if the Expert Commentary pointer has been applied to the chart. False is returned if the pointer has not been applied.
Example
CommentaryEnabled will return True if the Expert Commentary Tool has been applied to the chart.
Additional Example
If you only wanted code to be evaluated only when the user had applied the Expert Commentary Tool to the chart, you could use the following syntax:
If CommentaryEnabled Then
Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Returns the commission setting in the applied strategy’s Costs tab. This reserved word can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
Value1=Commission; returns a value of 17.50 if the commission under the strategy’s Costs tab has been set to 17.50.
Returns the value represented under Symbol Number in the Symbol Dictionary.
CommodityNumber returns the value specified in the Symbol Dictionary. If there is no value specified, CommodityNumber will return 0.
Examples
If the Symbol Number field is 149 for the S&P and 44 for the 30 year Treasury Bond:
CommodityNumber returns 149 when used on an analysis technique applied to S&P future data.
CommodityNumber returns 44 when used on an analysis technique applied to 30 year Treasury Bond data.
Additional Example
To force an analysis technique to run only on S&P future data, block the entire technique with
If CommodityNumber = 149 then begin …
Reserved word used in conjunction with a numeric value specifying the number of units to trade within a trading strategy.
Contract is normally used in a Buy, Sell, or Exit statement.
Examples
Buy 1 contract next bar at market;
generates an order to buy one contract at the open of the next bar.
Sell 1 contract next bar at market;
generates an order to sell one contract at the open of the next bar.
Additional Example
To exit from only 1 contract when you have multiple long positions, write:
ExitLong 1 contract total next bar at market;
Refers to the delivery/expiration month of any option, future, or position leg.
Example
If ContractMonth of option = 10 then Plot("October Expiration", "Expiration");
Reserved word used in conjunction with a numeric value specifying the number of units to trade within a trading strategy.
Contract is normally used in a Buy, Sell, or Exit statement.
Examples
Buy 5 contracts next bar at market;
generates an order to buy five contracts at the open of the next bar.
Sell 3 contracts next bar at market;
generates an order to sell three contracts at the open of the next bar.
Additional Example
To exit from only 1 contract from multiple long positions, write:
ExitLong 1 contract total next bar at market;
Refers to the delivery/expiration year of any option, future, or position leg.
Example
If ContractMonth of option = 10 and ContractYear of option = 99 then Plot("October 99 Expiration", "Expiration");
Returns the cosine value of the specified number of degrees.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of degrees for which you want the cosine value.
The cosine is a trigonometric function that for an acute angle is the ratio between the leg adjacent to the angle when it is considered part of a right triangle and the hypotenuse.
(Num) should be the number of degrees in the angle.
Examples
Cosine(45) returns a value of 0.7071.
Cosine(72) returns a value of 0.3090.
Returns the value of the cost of establishing a leg or position.
Example
Plot1(Cost of Leg(1), "Cost");
Returns the cotangent value of the specified (Num) of degrees.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The cotangent is a trigonometric function that is equal to the cosine divided by the sine.
(Num) should be the number of degrees in the angle.
Examples
CoTangent(45) returns a value of 1.0.
CoTangent(72) returns a value of 0.3249.
Used to create legs in a Search Strategy.
(Contract) is a numeric expression representing the number of contracts.
(LegType) represents the type of contract created (put or call).
CreateLeg sets the size and type of position created when the conditions for creating that leg are true in the Position Search Strategy. If (Contract) is a positive number, the position purchases the leg. Conversely, if (Contract) is a negative number, the position writes the leg.
Examples
Createleg(1, Call) creates a leg by purchasing 1 call option.
CreateLeg(-2, Put) creates a leg by writing 2 put options.
This word is used to check for the crossover of two values.
Cross is always followed by Above, Below, Over, or Under.
Cross is equivalent to Crosses.
Examples
If Plot1 does Cross Above Plot2 Then Cross is used here to determine if the value of Plot1 does cross above the value of Plot2 on the bar under consideration.
If Value1 does Cross Above Value2 Or Value1 does Cross Below Value2 Then Cross is used here to determine if Value1 does cross above or below Value2 on the bar under consideration.
This word is used to check for the crossover of two values.
Crosses is always followed by Above, Below, Over, or Under.
Crosses is equivalent to Cross.
Examples
If Plot1 Crosses Above Plot2 Then Crosses is used here to determine if the value of Plot1 crosses above the value of Plot2 on the bar under consideration.
If Value1 Crosses Above Value2 Or Value1 Crosses Below Value2 Then Crosses is used here to determine if Value1 crosses above or below Value2 on the bar under consideration.
Reserved for future use.
Returns the Current Ratio of a stock.
Current_Ratio is calculated by dividing Total Current Assets by Total Current Liabilities.
Current_Ratio is not available for companies that do not distinguish between current- and long-term assets and liabilities
Returns the number of the bar currently being evaluated.
Each bar on a chart (after the number of bars specified by the Maximum number of bars referenced by a study, known as MaxBarsBack) is assigned a number, which is incremented by 1 with each successive bar. For example, if your MaxBarsBack is set to 10, the 11th bar is CurrentBar number 1, the 12th bar is CurrentBar number 2, and so on.
CurrentBar can only be used to return the number of the current bar, for example, you cannot use:
CurrentBar [n]
… to obtain the bar number of the bar n bars ago. However, you can obtain the number of the bar n bars ago (for example, 5) by using:
CurrentBar - 5
Also, the CurrentBar reserved word is the same as the user function BarNumber. The only difference is that you can use the BarNumber function to reference past bars:
BarNumber [5]
Examples
You can use CurrentBar to determine how long ago a particular condition occurred:
IF Condition1 then
Value1 = CurrentBar;
IF CurrentBar > Value1 then
Value2 = CurrentBar – Value1;
Value2 would hold the number of bars ago Condition1 occurred.
Returns the number of contracts in the current position.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Positive values represent long positions, and negative values represent short positions.
Example
CurrentContracts returns a value of 1 if the strategy is currently long 1 contract.
Returns the current date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD.
Examples
CurrentDate returns a value of 991016 on October 16, 1999.
CurrentDate returns a value of 1011220 on December 20, 2001.
Returns the number of entries currently open.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
CurrentEntries returns a value of 3 if the strategy has made 3 entries in the current open position.
Returns the current time in the format HHMM using military representation of hours. (0000 to 2359)
Examples
CurrentTime returns a value of 1718 at 5:18 pm.
CurrentTime returns a value of 0930 at 9:30 am.
Returns a numeric expression representing the CUSIP number for stocks.
Value1 = CUSIP ;
You must assign the reserved word to a numeric variable in order to obtain the CUSIP number.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Sets the plot color or background color to Cyan.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, "Test", Cyan) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Cyan.
TL_SetColor(1, Cyan) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Cyan.
Shortcut notation that returns the Date of the bar.
Anytime the Date of a bar is needed, the letter D can be used in an equivalent fashion.
D returns the date in YYMMDD format.
Examples
D returns 990107 if the Date of the bar is January 7th, 1999.
D returns 990412 if the Date of the bar is April 12th, 1999.
Additional Example
To check the Time of the previous bar write:
D of 1 bar ago
Returns the value represented under DailyLimit in the Symbol Dictionary.
DailyLimit represents the largest number of increments of the Price Scale that the price of a security can move before the exchange closes the session.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Blue.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, "Test", Dark Blue) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Blue.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Blue) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Blue.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Brown.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, "Test", Dark Brown) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Brown.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Brown) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Brown.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Cyan.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Dark Cyan) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Cyan.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Cyan) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Cyan.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Gray.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Dark Gray) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Gray.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Gray) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Gray.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Green.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Dark Green) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Green.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Green) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Green.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Magenta.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Dark Magenta) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Magenta.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Magenta) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Magenta.
Sets the plot color or background color to Dark Red.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Dark Red) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Dark Red.
TL_SetColor(1, Dark Red) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Dark Red.
Reserved word used to specify a data stream within a multidata chart.
Data is normally used with a number between 1-50 that allows the specification or which data set is being referred to in terms of price values and functions calculations.
Examples
Close of Data3 returns the Close price of Data stream 3.
Low of Data10 returns the Low price of Data stream 10.
Returns a number indicating the compression setting of the price data an analysis technique is applied to.
The number returned is based on the data compression of the price data. DataCompression will return:
0 = TickBar
1 = Intra-day
2 = Daily
3 = Weekly
4 = Monthly
5 = Point & Figure
Examples
DataCompression returns 0 when applied to price data based on tick compression
DataCompression returns 2 when applied to price data based on daily compression
Additional Example
To assure that a statement is executed only on a daily chart we can write:
If DataCompression = 2 then ExitLong next bar at market;
Reserved for future use.
Reserved word used to return the Date of the current bar.
Date returns a numeric value in YYMMDD format.
Examples
Date returns 990107 if the day is January 7th, 1999.
Date returns 990412 if the day is April, 12th, 1999.
Additional Example
Date can be used to restrict strategies to certain trading days.
If Date < 990101 then buy this bar on close;
Limits a buy order to take place only on dates before 1999.
Returns the Julian date for the specified calendar date.
(cDate) is a numeric expression representing the six or seven digit calendar date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD respectively (1999 = 99, 2001 = 101).
If a specific date is entered for the numeric expression, it must be a valid date between January 1, 1901 and February 28, 2150, expressed in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format.
Examples
DateToJulian(980804) returns a value of 36011 for the date August 4, 1998.
DateToJulian(991024) returns a value of 36457 for the date October 24, 1999.
Reserved word used to represent a bar of data.
When your data compression is set to daily, the Reserved Words Bar and Day are the same.
Examples
Close of 1 day Ago returns the Close price of the previous bar.
ExitShort this day on close orders a trading strategy to exit all long positions on the close of the current bar.
Additional Example
Buy ("Signal Name") next day at open will buy during the formation of the next bar if a price meets the open price of the bar.
Returns the day of month for the specified calendar date.
(cDate) is a numeric expression representing the six or seven digit calendar date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD respectively (1999 = 99, 2001 = 101).
Examples
DayOfMonth(980804) returns a value of 4 for the date August 4, 1998.
DayOfMonth(1011024) returns a value of 24 for the date October 24, 2001.
Returns the day of week for the specified calendar date. (0 = Sun, 6 = Sat).
(cDate) is a numeric expression representing the six or seven digit calendar date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD respectively. (1999 = 99, 2001 = 101)
Examples
DayOfWeek(980804) returns a value of 2 because August 4, 1998 is a Tuesday.
DayOfWeek(1011024) returns a value of 3 because October 24, 2001 is a Wednesday.
Reserved word used for backwards compatibility.
Days has been replaced with the reserved word, Bar.
Examples
Close of 5 Days Ago returns the Close price of the bar 5 bars previous to the current bar.
ExitShort this day on close closes a position at the close of the bar.
Additional Example
Buy ("Signal Name") next bar at open will buy when the formation of the current bar is complete, based on the type of compression of the bar.
This word is used in plot statements to set one of its styles (e.g., color) to the default value.
Example
Plot1(Value1, "Plot1", Default, Default, 5); Default is used here to designate the items as the user set default values.
This word has been reserved for future use.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Reserved word used for contracts that expire which returns the month of expiration.
The value returned represents any of the 12 calendar months according to the following table:
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 April
5 May
6 June
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December
Examples
DeliveryMonth will return 6 if the technique is applied to the S&P June contract.
DeliveryMonth will return 12 if the technique is applied to the Treasury Bond December contract.
Additional Example
You can exit from a trade on the first day of the month prior to expiration using:
IF DeliveryMonth = Month(Date) Then
ExitLong This Bar on Close;
Reserved word used for contracts that expire which returns the year of expiration.
The value returned by DeliveryYear is a four-digit year.
Examples
DeliveryYear will return 1998 if the technique is applied to the S&P June ‘98 contract.
DeliveryYear will return 1999 if the technique is applied to the Treasury Bond March ’99 contract.
Additional Example
You can exit from a trade on the first day of the year prior to expiration using:
IF DeliveryYear = Year(Date) Then
ExitLong This Bar on Close;
Returns the Delta value of an option, leg, or position. The value of Delta can also be established in a Pricing Model by using Delta(Value).
Debit positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If Delta of Option > HighVal Then
Alert("High Delta");
In a Pricing Model, you can set the value of Delta by using the following syntax:
Delta(0);
Returns a string containing the description of the symbol if it is available. When any symbol is added to the GlobalServer portfolio, the description is automatically obtained from the Symbol Dictionary. If the symbol has no description, this reserved word will return a blank string ("").
TextString = Description ;
You must assign the reserved word to a string variable in order to obtain the description. EasyLanguage does not provide pre-declared string variables; you must declare the string variable before you can assign a reserved word to it.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns the Dividend paid any number of periods ago.
Dividend does not require an input, it returns the most recently reported dividend amount. However, by using an input, you can obtain the amount for a dividend other than the most recent.
Examples
Dividend returns the last dividend amount paid.
Dividend(2)returns the last dividend amount paid 2 periods ago.
Returns the Indicated Annual Dividend Rate.
Dividend_Yield is generally calculated by the most recent cash dividend paid or declared multiplied by the dividend payment frequency, plus any regular dividends.
Returns the number of times that dividends have been reported in the time frame considered.
DividendCount counts the number of dividends paid during the time frame specified.
Returns the date on which a stock dividend was paid out.
DividendDate does not require an input, it returns the most recently reported dividend date. However, by using an input, you can obtain the date for a dividend other than the most recent.
Examples
DividendDate returns the date of the last reported dividend.
DividendDate(2)returns the date of the dividend 2 periods ago.
Returns the time at which a stock dividend was paid out.
DividendTime does not require an input, it returns the most recently reported dividend time. However, by using an input, you can obtain the time for a dividend other than the most recent.
Examples
DividendTime returns the time of the last reported dividend.
DividendTime(2)returns the time of the dividend reported 2 periods ago.
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If Plot1 does Cross Over Plot2 Then the word "does" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Returns the number of ticks on a bar whose value is lower than the tick immediately preceding it.
Returns the down volume of a bar when Trade Volume is used for the chart.
Examples
DownTicks returns 5 if there were 5 ticks on a bar whose value was lower than the tick immediately preceding it.
DownTicks returns 12 if there were 12 ticks on a bar whose value was lower than the tick immediately preceding it.
Additional Example
To check if a bar of data appears to reflect a steady downturn, compare DownTicks to UpTicks:
Value1 = DownTicks - Upticks;
This word is used as a part of a For statement where the execution values will be decreasing to a finishing value.
Downto will always be placed between two arithmetic expressions.
Examples
For Value5 = Length Downto 0 Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Downto is used here to indicate that for each value of Value5 from Length down to zero, the following Begin… End loop will be executed.
For Value5 = Length Downto 0 Begin
{Your Code Here}
End;
Downto is used here to indicate that for each value of Value5 from Length down to zero, the following Begin… End loop will be executed.
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Returns the EasyLanguage version currently installed.
The EasyLanguage version for TradeStation 2000i is 5.1.
Examples
If you wanted to only display an indicator when the user had EasyLanguage 4.0 or later installed on the machine, you could use the following syntax:
If EasyLanguageVersion >= 4.0 Then
Plot1(Value1, "Indicator");
Else
This word is used to execute a series of code based on a condition that has returned a value of False.
Else can only be used following an If… Then statement.
Examples
If Condition1 Then
{Your Code Line1}
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line2}
End; Else is used here to begin the code that will be executed if Condition1 returns a value of False. No semicolon should be used after the single line of code following Then.
If Condition1 And Condition2 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1};
{Your Code Line2, etc.};
End
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line3};
{Your Code Line4, etc.};
End; Else is used here to begin the code that will be executed if either Condition1 or Condition2 return a value of False. No semicolon should be used after the End preceeding the Else statement.
End
This word is used to end a series of code that should be executed on the basis of an If… Then,If… Then… Else, For, or While statement.
Each Begin must have a corresponding End.
A Begin… End statement is only necessary if using more than one line of code after an If… Then,If… Then… Else, For, or While statement.
Examples
If Condition1 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End; End is used here to exclude the execution of code beyond Line1 and Line2 as a part of the If… Then statement.
If Condition1 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line3}
{Your Code Line4, etc.}
End; End is used here twice to limit the execution to the two lines of each section that are intended based on Condition1. No semicolon should be used after the End preceeding the Else statement. If… Then… Else is part of a continuous section of code and only the End that finishes the If… Then… Else statement should be followed by a semicolon.
Reserved word used to specify the name of a Long or Short entry.
Entry names are not required.
Entry is exclusively used in an Exit condition to specify the Entry to exit from
Examples
ExitLong from entry ("MyTrade") next bar market; generates an order to exit the long position “MyTrade” on the first price of the next bar.
Exitshort from entry ("MyTrade") this bar on close; generates an order to exit the short position “MyTrade” at the close of the current bar.
Additional Example
ExitLong from entry ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to exit the long position “MyTrade” on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Returns the entry date for the specified position in the format YYYYMMDD.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
EntryDate(2) might return a value of 981005 if the entry date of 2 positions ago was October 5, 1998.
Returns the entry price for the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
EntryPrice(2) might return a value of 101.19 as the entry price of 2 positions ago on a chart of Microsoft stock.
Returns the entry time for the specified position in military time format HHMM.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
EntryTime(2) might return a value of 1600 as the entry time of 2 positions ago on a daily chart of Microsoft stock.
Returns the reported earnings-per-share.
EPS does not require an input, it returns the most recently reported earnings-per-share. However, by using an input, you can obtain the earnings-per-share other than the most recent.
Examples
EPS returns the last reported earnings-per-share.
EPS(2)returns the earnings-per-share 2 periods ago.
Returns the Year Ago Earnings Per Share Percent Change value.
Returns the Year to Date Earnings Per Share Percent Change value.
Returns the number of times that Earnings per Share have been reported in the time frame considered.
EPSCount counts the number of dividends paid during the time frame specified.
Returns the date on which Earnings per Share were reported.
EPSDate does not require an input; it returns the date on which the current earnings per share were reported. However, by using an input, you can obtain the date of an earnings per share report other than the most recent.
Examples
EPSDate returns the date of the last Earnings per Share report.
EPSDate(2)returns the date of the last Earnings per Share report 2 periods ago.
Returns the time at which the Earnings per Share were reported.
EPSTime does not require an input; it returns the time at which the current earnings per share were reported. However, by using an input, you can obtain the time of an earnings per share report other than the most recent.
Examples
EPSTime returns the time of the last Earnings per Share report.
EPSTime(2)returns the time of the last Earnings per Share report 2 periods ago.
Returns the exit date for the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies, and you can reference up to 10 positions ago.
Example
ExitDate(2) might return a value of 981022 if the exit date of 2 positions ago was October 22, 1998.
Reserved word used to generate an order for a Long Exit.
The earliest exit order that can be generated is for the close of the current bar.
Orders can be generated for:
this bar on Close
next bar at Market
next bar at PRICE Stop
next bar at PRICE Limit
An exit statement consists of: Entry/Exit order, from Signal name, number of contracts, timing, Price, Market/Stop/Limit.
Examples
ExitLong 5 contracts this bar on close; generates an order to exit 5 contracts from a long position at the Close of the current bar.
ExitLong next bar at market; generates an order to exit all long positions at the first price of next bar.
Additional Example
ExitLong from entry ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to exit the long position “MyTrade” on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Returns the exit price for the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies, and you can reference up to 10 positions ago.
Example
ExitPrice(1) might return a value of 107.750 as the exit price of the last position on a chart of Microsoft stock.
Reserved word used to generate an order for a Short Exit.
The earliest exit order that can be generated is for the close of the current bar.
Orders can be generated for:
this bar on Close
next bar at Market
next bar at PRICE Stop
next bar at PRICE Limit
An exit statement consists of: Entry/Exit order, from Signal name, number of contracts, timing, Price, Market/Stop/Limit.
Examples
ExitShort 5 contracts this bar on close; generates an order to exit 5 contracts from a short position at the Close of the current bar.
ExitShort next bar at market; generates an order to exit all short positions at the first price of next bar.
Additional Example
ExitShort from entry ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to exit the short position “MyTrade” on the next bar at a price of 75 or higher.
Returns the exit time for the specified position in military time format HHMM.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies, and you can reference up to 10 positions ago.
Example
ExitTime(3) might return a value of 1050 as the exit time of 3 positions ago on an intraday chart of Microsoft stock.
Returns the Date of Expiration of the asset to which a technique is applied.
ExpirationDate returns a four-digit year.
Returns a numeric expression representing the expiration month of the symbol. Where 1 is January and 12 is December.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns a string containing the description of the expiration rule used for the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns a numeric expression representing the expiration style of an option. Where 0 is American and 1 is European. Debit positions return positive numbers and credit positions return negative numbers.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns a numeric expression representing the 4 digit expiration year of the option.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns a numeric expression where 0 is the option is expired and 1 is the option is not expired.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Returns the exponential value of the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
ExpValue(4.5) returns a value of 90.0171.
ExpValue(6) returns a value of 403.4288.
False
This word is used as the value for an input or untrue condition.
False can only be used in easy language as the value for a True/False input.
False is the value returned by an untrune or invalid condtition such as, 1 < 0.
Examples
Input:Test(False); would set the value of an input “Test” to a default value of False.
If 50 > 100 Then would result in a value of False and the statement following Then would not be executed.
File
Sends information to a specified file from a Print statement.
(str_Filename) is a string expression that must be a valid path and file name encompassed in quotes.
The name of the file must be string literal as variables are not permitted as file names.
Example
If you wanted to send the date, time, and close information from a chart to a new ascii file named mydata and located in the data directory by applying an indicator, you could use the following syntax:
Print(File("c:\data\mydata.txt"), Date, Time, Close);
FileAppend
Sends information to an existing ASCII file specified by the user and adds the information to the bottom of the file.
FileAppend("str_Filename", "str_Text") ;
(str_Filename) is a string expression that is the path and file name for the existing ASCII text file to which you want to append the string of text. The path and file name should be enclosed in quotes.
(str_Text) is the string expression to be appended to the file.
Variables are not permitted as file names.
If the file does not exist, it will be created.
To send numeric expressions to a file, it must first be converted to a string expression using the NumToStr function.
Example
To create indicator that would send the date to an ASCII file every time the symbol gapped up 10% on the open, you would write:
If Open > High[1] * 1.1 Then
FileAppend("c:\mydata.txt", "This symbol gapped up on " + NumToStr(Date, 0) +
NewLine);
FileDelete
Deletes the specified file.
(str_Filename) is a string expression that must be a valid path and file name encompassed in quotes.
The name of the file must be string literal as variables are not permitted as file names.
Example
If you wanted to delete a file when an analysis technique was initially applied, you could use the following syntax:
If BarNumber = 1 Then
FileDelete("c:\mydata.txt");
FirstNoticeDate
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the first notice of the symbol. The first notice date is defined by the expiration rules.
Example
If FirstNoticeDate then Alert("First Notice Expiration");
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
FirstOption
Returns true/false indicating if an option is the first option initiating an option core calculation event. FirstOption is used in conjunction with a global variable to increase the efficiency of OptionStation core calculations.
Note GVvalue0 - 99 are global variables used in Volatility Models, GPvalue0 - 99 are global variables used in Pricing Models, and GBvalue0 - 99 are global variables used in Bid/Ask models.
Example
If FirstOption then begin
GVvalue1 = .40;
ModelVolatilty(GVValue1);
FLOAT
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Floor
Returns the highest integer less than the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
Floor(4.5) returns a value of 4.
Floor(-1.72) returns a value of -2.
For
For loops are used to conduct a repeated line or lines of code for a specified number of intervals.
For will always be followed by a variable name, the range to be repeated, and finally a Begin… End section containing the code to be executed based on the For expression.
Examples
For Value5 = Length To Length + 10 Begin
{Your Code Here}
End; For is used here to initiate a loop that will be executed for each value of Value5 from Length to Length plus 10.
Variables: Sum(0), Counter(0);
Sum = 0;
For Counter = 0 To Length - 1 Begin
Sum = Sum + Price[Counter];
End; For is used here to initiate the accumulation of the variable Sum for each value of Counter from 0 to Length minus one.
FracPortion
Returns the fractional portion of the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
FracPortion(4.5) returns a value of 0.5.
FracPortion(-1.72) returns a value of –0.72.
FreeCshFlwPerShare
Returns the Free Cash Flow Per Share value.
FreeCshFlwPerShare is calculated by Cash From Operations - Capital Expenditures - Dividends Paid.
Friday
Returns the number 5 as the value for Friday.
The value returned is an integer representing Friday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Friday).
Example
Friday returns a value of 5 as the value for Friday.
From
Reserved word used in an Exit statement to specify the name of a Long or Short entry.
Entry names are not required.
From is exclusively used in an Exit condition along with “entry”, to specify the Entry to exit from
Examples
ExitLong from entry ("MyTrade") next bar market; generates an order to exit the long position “MyTrade” on the first price of the next bar.
Exitshort from entry ("MyTrade") this bar on close; generates an order to exit the short position “MyTrade” at the close of the current bar.
Additional Example
ExitLong from entry ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to exit the long position “MyTrade” on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Used to reference the current futures contract in a Position Analysis window.
The current contract can only be referenced for data from the Global Server.
Example
If High of Future > 1000 then
Alert("High is greater than 1000");
Evaluates a position leg to determine if it is a future.
Example
If LegType of Leg(1) = FutureType Then {Your Operation Here}
Returns the number of years over which the Earnings Per Share Growth Rate is calculated.
G_Rate_Nt_In_NY
Returns the number of years over which the Net Income Growth Rate is calculated.
G_Rate_P_Net_Inc
Returns the Net Income Growth Rate percentage for a stock.
Gamma
Returns the Gamma value of an option, leg, or position. The value of Gamma can also be established in a Pricing Model by using Gamma(Value).
Debit will positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If Gamma of Option > LowVal Then
Alert("Low Gamma");
In a Pricing Model, you can set the value of Gamma by using the following syntax:
Gamma(0);
GetBackgroundColor
Returns the numeric color value for the background color of the chart.
The value returned is a number from 1 to 16 for the 16 possible colors.
Example
If you wanted to set a variable, Value1, to the color of the background, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetBackgroundColor;
GetBotBound
Returns the bottom boundary of a ProbabilityMap array.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, Value1, equal to the bottom boundary of the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetBotBound;
GetCDRomDrive
Returns a string expression of the drive letter for the first CD Rom drive detected.
The value returned for a CD Rom drive of D would be “D”.
Example
The following sets the variable Drive equal to the first CD Rom drive detected.
Vars: Drive("D");
Drive = GetCDRomDrive;
GetCellColor
Returns the numeric color value of the specified Activtiy Bar cell.
(Price) is a numeric expression representing the price of the bar.
(Side) is a Rightside/Leftside expression that specifies which side of the bar to reference.
(WhichCell) is a numeric expression representing the column to (Side) of the bar a level (Price).
The specified cell must be applied to the chart to return a value.
Example
GetCellColor(Open, Leftside, 3) returns the numeric color value (7 for example if the cell is yellow) from the ActivityBar cell 3 cells to the left of the bar at price, open.
GetExchangeName
Returns the Name of the Exchange of the symbol to which the technique is applied.
Examples
GetExchangeName returns NYSE for IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange
GetExchangeName returns CME for SP trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange
GetPlotBGColor
Returns the numeric background color of the cell to which a specified analysis technique is applied.
(PlotNum) is a numeric expression representing a plot number.
GetPlotBGColor is only valid for indicators applied to grids.
The value returned is a number from 1 to 16 for the 16 possible colors.
Example
If you wanted to set a variable, Value1, to the color of the Plot1 background, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetPlotBGColor(1);
Returns the numeric color value of a plot line in a chart or foreground color in a grid.
(PlotNum) is a numeric expression representing a plot number.
The value returned is a number from 1 to 16 for the 16 possible colors.
Example
If you wanted to set a variable, Value1, to the color of the Plot1 foreground, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetPlotColor(1);
Returns the number of columns in a ProbabilityMap array.
(Column) is a numeric expression representing the desired column number from which to retrieve the prediction value.
(Price) is a numeric expression representing the desired price level from which to retrieve the prediction value.
It may be necessary to use the GetNumColumns, GetBotBound, and GetTopBound reserved words in order to verify that the requested prediction value is a possibility within the array.
Example
If you wanted to send the prediction value of the cell in column 5 and price 95.250 in the ProbabilityMap array to the Message Log, you could use the following syntax:
Print(GetPredictionValue(5, 99.250)," Predicted value");
Returns the row increment value in a ProbabilityMap array.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, Value1, equal to the row increment value in the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetRowIncrement;
GetStrategyName
Returns the strategy name as a string value.
Remarks:
This reserved word can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
GetStrategyName returns a value of “Moving XAvg Cross” when the Moving XAvg Cross strategy is applied.
GetSymbolName
Returns the Name of the symbol to which the technique is applied.
Return value is a string.
Returns the root, year, and contract month for futures symbols.
Examples
GetSymbolName returns IBM for International Business Machines trading on the New York Stock Exchange
GetSystemName
Reserved for backward compatibility. See GetStrategyName. Returns the strategy name as a string value.
This reserved word can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
GetSystemName returns a value of “Moving XAvg Cross” when the Moving XAvg Cross strategy is applied.
GetTopBound
Returns the top boundry of a ProbabilityMap array.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, Value1, equal to the top boundary of the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = GetTopBound;
Gr_Rate_P_EPS
Returns the Earnings Per Share Growth Rate for a stock.
Green
Sets the plot color or background color to Green.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Green) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Green.
TL_SetColor(1, Green) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Green.
GrossLoss
Returns the total dollar amount of all closed losing trades.
GrossLoss does not include the current open position, or the value of winning trades
Examples
GrossLoss returns -1000 if there are three losing trades of –500, -200 and -300.
GrossLoss returns 0 if there are no closed losing trades, even if the current position is losing.
GrossProfit
Returns the total dollar amount of all closed winning trades.
GrossProfit does not include the current open position, or the value of losing trades
Examples
GrossProft returns 1000 if there are three winning trades of 500, 200 and 300.
GrossProfit returns 0 if there are no closed winning trades, even if the current position is winning.
H
H
Reserved word used to return the high price of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
Any time the High of a bar is needed, the letter H can be used as an equivalent.
Examples
High of 1 bar ago returns the High price of the previous bar.
Average(High, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 High prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have High prices higher than the previous bar write:
If High > High[1] and High[1] > High[2] then…Plot1(High,"Rising");
High
Reserved word used to return the high price of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
The letter H can be used as an equivalent to High.
Examples
High of 1 bar ago returns the High price of the previous bar.
Average(High, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 High prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have High prices higher than the previous bar write:
If High > High[1] and High[1] > High[2] then
Plot1(High,"Rising");
Higher
Synonym for stop or limit orders depending on the context used within a strategy.
Higher means stop when used in the following context:
Buy next bar at MyEntryPrice or Higher;
ExitShort next bar at MyExitPrice or Higher;
Higher means limit when used in the following context:
Sell next bar at MyEntryPrice or higher;
ExitLong next bar at MyEntryPrice or higher;
Example
Buy next bar at Average(High,8) or higher;
HistFundExists
Returns True if Historical Fundamental information (EPS, Dividends and Stock Splits) exists, False if not.
HistorySettings
Returns a string with the description of the available history settings for a symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
I
I
Shortcut notation that returns the Open Interest of a bar.
Anytime the Open Interest of a bar is needed, the letter I can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
I of 1 bar ago returns the Open Interest of the previous bar.
Average(I, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Open Interest values.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Open Interest values higher than the previous bar write:
If I > I[1] and I[1] > I[2] then
Plot1(High,"Rising");
I_AvgEntryPrice
Returns the Average entry price of each open entry in a pyramided position.
I_AvgEntryPrice only returns the average entry price for open trades.
I_AvgEntryPrice can only be used in a study.
I_AvgEntryPrice will only return a value if a strategy is applied to the same data.
Examples
I_AvgEntryPrice returns 150 if three trades are currently open and were entered at a price of 130, 145, and 175.
I_AvgEntryPrice returns 50 if four trades are currently open and were entered at a price of 42, 53, 37, and 68.
I_ClosedEquity
Returns the profit or loss realized when a position has been closed.
I_ClosedEquity only returns the profit or loss for closed trades.
I_ClosedEquity can only be used in a study.
I_ClosedEquity will only return a value if a strategy is applied to the same data.
I_CurrentContracts
Returns the number of contracts held in all open positions.
I_CurrentContracts can only be used in a study.
I_CurrentContracts will only return a value if a strategy is applied to the same data.
Examples
I_CurrentContracts returns 3 if there are three open positions of one contract each.
I_CurrentContracts returns 10 if there are three open positions of 3, 4, and 3 contracts respectively.
I_MarketPosition
Returns the current Market Position.
I_MarketPosition returns the following numbers:
1 For a Long position
-1 For a Short position
0 For a Flat position
I_MarketPosition can only be used in a study.
I_MarketPosition will only return a value if a strategy is applied to the same data.
Examples
I_MarketPosition returns 1 if the current position is a Long position.
I_MarketPosition returns -1 if the current position is a Short position.
I_OpenEquity
Returns the current gain or loss while a position is open.
I_OpenEquity only returns the profit or loss for open positions.
I_OpenEquity can only be used in a study.
I_OpenEquity will only return a value if a strategy is applied to the same data.
If
This word is used to introduce a condition that will be evaluated to determine execution of additional code.
If can only be used to begin an If… Then or If… Then… Else statement.
In order to use an If… Then… Else statement, a Begin… End statement must follow Then as in the second example below.
Examples
If Condition1 Then
{Your Code Line1} If is used here to start the If… Then statement. The Line1 code will be executed if Condition1 returns a value of True. If Condition1 is false, the Line1 code will not be executed.
If Condition1 And Condition2 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line3}
{Your Code Line4, etc.}
End; If is used here to start the If… Then… Else statement. The Line1 and Line2 code will be executed if Condition1 and Condition2 return a value of True. If Condition1 or Condition2 is false, the Line3 and Line4 code will be executed.
IncludeSignal
This word is used to include a trading signal in another trading signal.
The syntax is:
IncludeSignal:"Signal Name",InputNames;
Multiple input names should be separated by commas. The EasyLanguage PowerEditor evaluates the EasyLanguage in the trading signal from the top of the file to the bottom of the file. When the IncludeSignal Reserved Word is reached, the EasyLanguage PowerEditor evaluates the EasyLanguage in the referenced signal from top to bottom, then returns to the original signal and continues its top to bottom evaluation.
You can include as many signals as you want, although we recommend you create separate signals and mix and match them together in strategies using TradeStation StrategyBuilder. This is a more efficient way of grouping signals together and achieves the same purpose.
The use of signals in TradeStation 2000i eliminates the need for the IncludeSystem statement.
IncludeSystem
This word is retained for backward compatibility. TradeStation 2000i doesn’t have the 64K limit of its predecessor, and it has adopted modular strategy design where a strategy is made up of one or more trading signals. Therefore, when you create a trading strategy, you no longer use the word IncludeSystem.
You can include a signal within another signal using the reserved word IncludeSignal.
InitialMargin
Returns the Intial Margin Requirement of a position.
Example
If InitialMargin of Position > 500 Then {Your Operation Here}
Input
Reserved word used to declare an Input name used to represent user-defined values anywhere in a technique.
An input name can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters plus the period ( . ) and the underscore ( _ ).
An input name can not start with a number or a period ( . ).
Inputs are constants that can not start a statement.
The default value of an Input is declared by a number in parenthesis after the input name.
Examples
Input: Length(10); declares the constant Length initializes the value to ten.
Input: Price(Close); declares the constant Price initializes the value to the Close of a bar.
Inputs
Reserved word used to declare multiple Input names, used to represent user-defined values anywhere in a technique.
An input name can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters plus the period ( . ) and the underscore ( _ ).
An input name can not start with a number or a period ( . ).
Inputs are constants that can not start a statement.
The default value of an Input is declared by a number in parenthesis after the input name.
Examples
Input: Price(Close), Length(10); declares the constants Price and Length, initializing the values to the Close of the bar and ten, respectively.
Input: SlowMA(9), FastMA(4); declares the constants SlowMA and FastMA, initializing the values to nine and four, respectively.
Inst_Percent_Held
Returns the percent of common stock held by all the reporting institutions as a group.
Inst_Percent_Held is calculated by dividing Total Shares held by Institutions by Total Shares Outstanding and multiplying the result by 100.
InStr
Returns the location of String2 within String1.
InStr (String1, String2) ;
(String1) represents the string that will be evaluated.
(String2) represents the string to be located.
Returns the location of String2 within String1, represented as the number of characters from the left side.
If the specified string (String2) is found more than once in String1, the value returned refers to only the first occurrence.
0 is returned if the specified string (String2) does not exist in the evaluated string (String1).
Examples
InStr("Net Profit in December", "Profit") returns the value 5, indicating that the string "Profit" begins at position 5 of String1.
InStr("Net Profit in December", "January") returns the value 0 since the string "January" does not exist in String1.
INT
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
IntPortion
Returns the integer portion of the specified number.
IntPortion(Num) ;
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number for which you want the integer portion.
Examples
IntPortion(4.5) returns a value of 4.
IntPortion(-1.72) returns a value of -1.
Is
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If an Open is > 100 Then the word "is" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
J
JulianToDate
Returns the calendar date for the specified Julian date.
JulianToDate(jDate) ;
(jDate) is a numeric expression representing the Julian date.
Examples
JulianToDate(36011) returns a value of 980804 for the date August 4, 1998.
JulianToDate(36457) returns a value of 991024 for the date October 24, 1999.
Shortcut notation that returns the Low of the bar.
Anytime the Low of a bar is needed, the letter L can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
L of 1 bar ago returns the Low price of the previous bar.
Average(L, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Low prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Low prices lower than the previous bar write:
If L < L[1] and L[1] < L[2] then
Plot1(High,"Falling");
Returns the dollar value of the largest closed losing trade.
Examples
LargestLosTrade returns -500 if there are three losing trades of –500, -200 and -300.
LargestLosTrade returns 0 if there are no closed losing trades, even if the current position is losing.
Returns the dollar value of the largest closed winning trade.
Examples
LargestWinTrade returns 500 if there are three winning trades of 500, 200 and 300.
LargestWinTrade returns 0 if there are no closed winning trades, even if the current position is winning.
Returns the Date on which the last stock split was reported.
Returns the ratio of the last stock split.
Examples
Last_Split_Fact returns 2 if the last split ratio was 2:1.
Last_Split_Fact returns 1.5 if the last split ratio was 3:2.
LastCalcJDate
Returns the Julian date for the last completed bar.
Examples
LastCalcJDate returns a value of 36011 if the last bar was completed on August 4, 1998.
LastCalcJDate returns a value of 36173 if the last bar was completed on January 13, 1999.
LastCalcMMTime
Returns the time, in number of minutes since midnight, for the last completed bar.
Examples
LastCalcMMTime returns a value of 540 if the last bar was completed at 9:00 am.
LastCalcMMTime returns a value of 835 if the last bar was completed at 1:55 pm.
LastTradingDate
Refers to the last day an option, future, position leg, or asset may be traded.
Example
If DateToJulian( LastTradingDate ) - DateToJulian( Date ) < 5 thenAlert("Less than 5 trading days left");
LeftSide
Used to specify ActivityBar actions on the left side of the bar.
Example
GetCellChar(Close, Leftside, 3) Leftside is used to specify the left side of the ActivityBar.
LeftStr
Returns a string expression of (sSize) characters taken from (Str1) beginning with the leftmost character.
LeftStr (Str1, sSize) ;
(Str1) is the string expression to reduce. It must be enclosed in quotation marks.
(sSize) is the numeric expression indicating the number of characters that will be retained, counting from the beginning of the string expression.
None
Example
LeftStr("Net Profit", 3) returns the string expression “Net”.
Leg
Returns the requested information for the specified leg.
(Leg of Position) is a numeric expression representing a specific position leg.
Leg (Leg of Position) references the position leg specified by (Leg of Position). Placing " of Leg(Leg of Position)" after any bar data element (Open, High, Low, Close, Volume, OpenInt, Date, Time, UpTicks, DownTicks, Ticks) or any option-related reserved word (e.g., Strike, ExpirationDate, Delta, Gamma, Theta, etc.) returns the specified value.
Examples
If Volume of Leg(1) > HighVal Then {Your Operation Here}
If Close of Leg(1) = Highest(High of Leg(1),10) Then
Alert("Highest High");
LegType
Returns the type of position leg: asset, future, call, or put.
Example
If LegType of Leg(1) = Call Then
Plot1("Call", "Leg Type");
If LegType of Leg(1) = Put Then
Plot2("Put", "Leg Type");
LightGray
Sets the plot color or background color to Light Gray.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Light Gray) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Light Gray.
TL_SetColor(1, Light Gray) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Light Gray.
Limit
Reserved word used in an Entry or Exit statement to specify how to fill an order.
Limit orders can only be executed on the next bar
Limit can be read as “this price or better”, meaning lower for a Long Entry and Short Exit, higher for a Short Entry and Long Exit.
Limit orders require a reference price.
Examples
Buy next bar at 75 Limit; generates an order to enter a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Sell next bar at 75 Limit; generates an order to enter a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or higher.
Additional Example
ExitLong next bar at 75 Limit; generates an order to enter a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or higher.
Log
Returns the logarithm for the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
A logarithm is the exponent that indicates the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number. This reserved word uses a base e system.
Log can only be calculated for positive numbers.
Examples
Log(4.5) returns a value of 1.5041.
Log(172) returns a value of 5.1475.
LONG
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Low
Represents the low price of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
L can be used in place of Low.
Examples
Low of 1 bar ago returns the Low price of the previous bar
Average(Low, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Low prices
Additional
To check that the last two bars have Low prices lower than the previous bar, write:
If Low < Low[1] AND Low[1] < Low[2] Then
Plot1(Low, "Decline")
Lower
Synonym for stop or limit orders depending on context used within a strategy.
Lower means limit when used in the following context:
Buy next bar at MyEntryPrice or Lower;
ExitShort next bar at MyExitPrice or Lower;
Lower means stop when used in the following context:
Sell next bar at MyEntryPrice or Lower;
ExitLong next bar at MyEntryPrice or Lower;
Example
Buy next bar at the Average(Low,8) or lower;
LowerStr
Used to convert a string expression to lowercase letters.
LowerStr (“Str1”) ;
(Str1) the string expression to change to lowercase letters. Make sure the string expression is enclosed in quotation marks.
None
Example
LowerStr("Net Profit”) returns the string expression “net profit”.
LPBOOL
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPBYTE
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPDOUBLE
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPDWORD
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPFLOAT
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPINT
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPLONG
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPSTR
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
LPWORD
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
M
Magenta
Sets the plot color or background color to Magenta.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Magenta) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Magenta.
TL_SetColor(1, Magenta) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Magenta.
MakeNewMovieRef
Creates a new movie chain with the reference number specified.
The reference number should be a whole positive number.
Example
Print(MakeNewMovieRef = 1) creates a new movie chain with a reference number of 1.
Margin
Returns the margin setting in the applied strategy’s Costs tab.
This reserved word can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
Margin returns a value of 1500 if the margin under the strategy’s Costs tab has been set to 1500.00.
Market
Reserved word used to indicate the next trade or tick, not specific to the price.
Market is normally used in trading Signals.
Example
To enter a trade when the price of entry is not an issue:
Buy next bar at market;
MarketPosition
Returns a numeric value for a short or long position for the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
-1 is returned for a short position, and 1 is returned for a long position. 0 is returned if the current position is specified, and you are not currently in the market.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
MarketPosition(0) returns a value of 0 if the current position is neutral.
MaxBarsBack
Reserved word used to represent the number of bars of data necessary to calculate the rules in any analysis technique.
The MaxBarsBack setting may prevent values from being displayed when an indicator is first applied. When enough data sets have been acquired to satisfy the MaxBarsBack setting, values will appear.
When analysis techniques are applied to more than one data set at a time (i.e. a multi-data chart), each data set must meet the MaxBarsBack requirement individually before values will be generated.
MaxBarsForward
Represents the number of bars to the right of the last bar on the chart.
MaxBarsForward returns the number of bars used for space to the right.
MaxConsecLosers
Returns the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades.
Examples
MaxConsecLosers returns 5 if the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades is 5.
MaxConsecLosers returns 2 if the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades is 2.
MaxConsecWinners
Returns the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades.
Examples
MaxConsecLosers returns 5 if the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades is 5.
MaxConsecLosers returns 2 if the largest number of consecutive closed losing trades is 2.
MaxContracts
Returns the maximum number of contracts held during the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
MaxContracts(2) returns a value of 3 if the second most recent position held a maximum of 3 contracts.
MaxContractsHeld
Returns the maximum number of contracts held at any one time.
MaxEntries
Returns the maximum number of entries of the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
MaxContracts(2) returns a value of 3 if the second most recent position had 3 entry signals.
MaxGain
Returns the Maximum Gain of the position.
Example
If MaxGain of Position < HighVal Then {Your Operation Here}
MaxIDDrawDown
Returns the largest drop in equity throughout the entire trading period.
MaxIDDrawDown returns the true number of dollars needed to sustain the largest equity dip.
Examples
MaxIDDrawDown returns 5000 if the largest equity dip throughout the entire trading period is 5000.
MaxIDDrawDown returns 2000 if the largest equity dip throughout the entire trading period is 2000.
MaxList
Returns the highest value of the specified inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
Examples
MaxList(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 125.
MaxList(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 98.
MaxList2
Returns the second highest value of the specified the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
Examples
MaxList2(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 86.
MaxList2(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 67.
MaxLoss
Returns the Maximum Loss of the position.
Example
If MaxLoss of Position > LowVal Then {Your Operation Here}
MaxPositionLoss
Returns the largest loss of the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
MaxPositionLoss(1) returns a value of –3750.00 if the second most recent position had a maximum loss of 3750.00.
MaxPositionProfit
Returns the largest gain of the specified position.
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
MaxPositionProfit(1) returns a value of 29200.00 if the second most recent position had a maximum profit of 29200.00.
MessageLog
Sends information to the Message Log.
MessageLog (Parameters) ;
(Parameters) may be a single string or numeric expression, or a multiple string or numeric expression, with each expression separated by a comma.
None
Examples
To send the date, time, and close information to the Message Log, you would use:
MessageLog(Date, Time, Close);
MidStr
Returns a string expression of (Siz) characters taken from (String) beginning with the (Pos) character measured from the left.
MidStr (“String”, Pos, Siz) ;
(String) is the string expression to reduce. It must be enclosed in quotation marks.
(Pos) is the numeric expression indicating how many characters from the beginning of the string expression to remove.
(Siz) is the numeric expression indicating the number of characters to be retained. Any additional characters to the right of these are removed.
None
Example
MidStr("Net Profit in December", 5, 6) returns the string expression “Profit”.
MinList
Returns the lowest value of the specified inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
Examples
MinList(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 45.
MinList(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 18.
MinList2
Returns the second lowest value of the specified the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
Examples
MinList2(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 47.
MinList2(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 19.
MinMove
Returns a numeric expression representing the minimum movement allowed for a particular symbol. The minimum movement for a symbol is specified in the GlobalServer settings for each symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Examples
MinMove * PriceScale returns the smallest increment between trades.
MinMove * PriceScale * BigPointValue returns the dollar value of the smallest change in price.
MIVonAsk
Returns the market implied volatility of an option or position leg based on the ask price defined by a Bid/Ask Model.
Example
If ModelVolatility of Option > MIVonAsk of Option * 1.2 then
Alert("High Modeled Volatility");
MIVonBid
Returns the market implied volatility of an option or position leg based on the bid price defined by a Bid/Ask Model.
Example
If ModelVolatility of Option > MIVonBid of Option * 1.2 then
Alert("High Modeled Volatility");
MIVonClose
Returns the market implied volatility of an option or position leg based on the closing price.
Example
If ModelVolatility of Option > MIVOnClose of Option * 1.2 then
Alert("High modeled Volatility");
MIVonRawAsk
Returns the market implied volatility of an option or position leg based on the last ask price received from your datafeed.
Example
If ModelVolatility of Option > MIVonRawAsk of Option * 1.2 then
Alert("High Modeled Volatility");
MIVonRawBid
Returns the market implied volatility of an option or position leg based on the last bid price received from your datafeed.
Example
If ModelVolatility of Option > MIVonRawBid of Option * 1.2 then
Alert("High Modeled Volatility");
Moc
This word has been reserved for future use.
Mod
Stands for modulo, as in modulo arithmetic. Returns the remainder for the specified calculation of (Num) divided by (Divisor).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
(Divisor) is a numeric expression representing the divisor.
Examples
Mod(17, 5) returns a value of 2.
Mod(457, 9) returns a value of 7.
ModelPosition
Used to reference a modeled position in a Search Strategy.
Example
If you wanted to look for a Delta neutral position, you could use the following syntax:
Condition1 = Delta of ModelPosition < .1 And Delta of ModelPosition > -.1;
PositionStatus(Condition1);
ModelPrice
Used to reference the underlying price currently used by the Pricing or Volatility Model.
Example
If you wanted to calculate the dollar amount of the option being used, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = ModelPrice * BigPointValue of Option;
ModelVolatility
References the volatility calculated by the Volatility Model. The value of ModelVolatility can also be established in a Volatility Model by using ModelVolatility(Value).
(Value) is a numeric expression representing the volatility, when ModelVolatility is used to set a default value in a Volatility Model.
Debit will positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If ModelVolatility > 75 Then
Alert("High Modeled Volatility");
In a Volatility Model, you can set the value of ModelVolatility by using the following syntax:
ModelVolatility(30);
Monday
Returns the number 1 as the value for Monday.
The value returned is an integer representing Monday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Monday).
Example
Monday returns a value of 1 as the value for Monday.
MoneyMgtStopAmt
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Initial $ Risk Stop LX and Initial $ Risk Stop SX.
Month
Returns the corresponding month for the specified calendar date. (1 = Jan, 12 = Dec)
(cDate) is a numeric expression representing the six or seven digit calendar date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD respectively. (1999 = 99, 2001 = 101)
Examples
Month(990613) returns a value of 6 because 990613 represents June 13, 1999.
Month(1011220) returns a value of 12 because 1011220 represents December 20, 2001.
MULTIPLE
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
N
Neg
Returns the negative value of the number specified.
Neg (Num) ;
Examples
Neg(17) returns -17.
Neg(-9) returns a value of -9.
Net_Profit_Margin
Returns the Net Profit Margin reported.
Net_Profit_Margin is calculated by dividing Income after Taxes by the Total Revenue and is expressed as a percentage.
NetProfit
Returns the total dollar amount of all closed trades, both winning and losing.
NetProfit can be computed by GrossProfit – GrossLoss.
Examples
NetProfit returns 1000 if there are four trades returning –500, 1200 and 300.
NetProfit returns 0 if there are no closed trades.
NewLine
Used to start a new line when appending to a file using the FileAppend reserved word. Also used to place a carriage return / linefeed command into expert commentary.
Use the + character to add NewLine to a string expression.
Example
FileAppend("c:\mydata.txt", "This symbol gapped up on " + NumToStr(Date, 0) + NewLine);
Next
Reserved word used to reference the upcoming set of price data based on the compression to which a technique is applied.
Next is normally used with the reserved word Bar to specify an action to take place on the "Next Bar".
Examples
Open of next day returns the Open price of the next bar.
Date of next bar returns the Date of the next bar.
Additional Example
To place an order to execute one bar into the future:
Buy next bar at market;
NoPlot
Removes the plot specified by (Plot) from the current bar in a chart or cell in a grid.
(Plot) is a numeric expression representing the specified plot number you want to remove from a bar in a chart or cell in a grid.
The value returned is a number representing the assigned width of the specified plot line.
Example
If you wanted to mark the high of a bar when the condition Close > Close[1] is true, but remove the mark if Close > Close[1] is not true for the next bar, you could use the following syntax:
If Close > Close[1] Then
Plot1(High, "CloseUp")
Else
NoPlot(1);
Not
This word has been reserved for future use.
NthMaxList
Returns the Nth highest value of the specified the inputs.
(N) is a numeric expression representing the rank number of the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
A value of 3 for (N) would return the third highest value of the specified inputs.
Examples
NthMaxList(3, 45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 72.
NthMaxList(4, 18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 24.
NthMinList
Returns the nth lowest value of the specified the inputs.
(N) is a numeric expression representing the rank number of the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
A value of 3 for (N) would return the third lowest value of the specified inputs.
Examples
NthMinList(3, 45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 72.
NthMinList(4, 18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 65.
Numeric
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
Numeric can be used for inputs that can be either NumericSimple or NumericSeries.
Examples
Input: Price(Numeric); declares the constant Price as a Numeric value to be used in a function.
Input: Length(Numeric); declares the constant Length as a Numeric value to be used in a function.
NumericArray
NumericArray declares a function input as a numeric array being passed by value.
A function input is declared as a numeric array when it is passing in a numeric array by value.
Example
Input: PassedValues[n](NumericArray) indicates that a numeric array is being passed into the function by value through the Input PassedValues.
NumericArrayRef
NumericArrayRef declares a function input as a numeric array being passed by reference.
A Function Input is declared as a numeric array reference when it is passing in a numeric array by reference.
Example
PassedValues[n](NumericArrayRef) indicates that a numeric array is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValues.
NumericRef
NumericRef declares a function input as a numeric value being passed by reference.
A function input is declared as a numeric reference when it is passing in a value by reference.
Example
PassedValue(NumericRef) indicates that a numeric value is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValue.
NumericSeries
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
NumericSeries is used for inputs that whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: Price(NumericSeries); declares the constant Price as a Numeric value to be used in a function, where historical values of Price are available.
Input: Length(NumericSeries); declares the constant Length as a Numeric value to be used in a function, where historical values of Length are available.
NumericSimple
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
NumericSimple can not be used for inputs whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: Price(NumericSimple); declares the constant Price as a Numeric value to be used in a function, restricting Price to be a value that does not contain historical values.
Input: Length(NumericSimple); declares the constant Length as a Numeric value to be used in a function, restricting Length to be a value that does not contain historical values.
NumFutures
Returns the total number of futures contracts associated with a future symbol root or position leg.
Example
If you wanted to average the prices of all the futures available for a particular symbol root, you could use the following syntax:
Vars: Total(0), Avg(0);
For Value1 = 1 to NumFutures of Asset Begin
Total = Total + Close of Future(Value1);
End;
NumLegs
Returns the total number of position legs associated with any position. A position leg may consist of an asset, future, or option.
Example
If you wanted to show the total number of legs of a position in an indicator, you could use the following syntax:
Plot1(NumLegs of Position, "NumLegs");
NumLosTrades
Returns the number of closed losing trades.
Examples
NumLosTrades returns 5 if the number of closed losing trades is 5.
NumLosTrades returns 2 if the number of closed losing trades is 25.
NumOptions
Returns the total number of position legs associated with any position. A position leg may consist of an asset.
Example
If you wanted to show the total number of options available in an indicator, you could use the following syntax:
Plot1(NumOptions of Asset, "NumOptions");
NumToStr
Converts the specified numeric expression to a string expression.
NumToStr(Num, Dec) ;
(Num) is the numeric expression that you want converted to a string expression.
(Dec) is the numeric expression indicating how many decimal places to retain in the string expression.
None
Example
NumToStr(1170.5, 2) returns the string expression “1170.50”.
NumWinTrades
Returns the number of closed winning trades.
Examples
NumWinTrades returns 5 if the number of closed winning trades is 5.
NumWinTrades returns 2 if the number of closed winning trades is 2
O
O
Shortcut notation that returns the Open of the bar.
Anytime the Open of a bar is needed, the letter O can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
O of 1 bar ago returns the Open price of the previous bar.
Average(O, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Open prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Open prices higher than the previous bar write:
If O > O[1] and O[1] > O[2] then
Plot1(High,"Rising");
Of
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If Close of Data1 = Highest(High, 14) Then the word "of" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
On
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
Buy 100 Contracts on Next Bar Open the word "on" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
Open
Reserved word used to return the first price of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
Anytime the Open of a bar is needed, the letter O can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
Open of 1 bar ago returns the Open price of the previous bar.
Average(Open, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Open prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Open prices higher than the previous bar write:
If Open > Open[1] and Open[1] > Open[2] then
Plot1(High,"Rising");
OpenInt
Reserved word used to return the Open Interest of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
Open Interest is the number of contracts/shares outstanding at the Close of a bar.
Examples
OpenInt of 1 bar ago returns the Open Interest of the previous bar.
Average(OpenInt, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Open Interest values.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Open Interest values higher than the previous bar write:
If OpenInt > OpenInt[1] and OpenInt[1] > OpenInt[2] then
Plot1(High,"Rising");
OpenPositionProfit
Returns the current gain or loss of the current open position.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
OpenPositionProfit returns a value of 86400.00 if the current open position on an S&P Futures chart had an open position profit of 86400.00.
Option
References the current option contract in a Position Analysis window. Option can also be used as Option(OptionNum) to reference a specific option.
(OptionNum) is a numeric expression representing a specific option contract.
Used to reference information of a specific option contract. Placing "of Option(OptionNum)" after any bar data element (e.g., Open, High, Low, Close, Volume, etc.) or any option-related reserved word (e.g., Strike, ExpirationDate, Delta, etc.) returns the requested information for the option specified by (OptionNum).
When using (OptionNum), the total number of options available should be verified before using Option(OptionNum) to assure that (OptionNum) is set to a valid option.
Examples
Value1 = Close of Option;
You can set Value1 to the value of a specifc option by using the following syntax:
Value1 = Close of Option(5);
OptionType
Evaluates a option to determine if it is a call or put.
Example
If OptionType = Call Then {Your Operation Here}
Or
This boolean operator is used in condition statements to check multiple conditions.
Or requires that in order for a condition to be True, one or more of multiple conditions must be True.
Examples
If Plot1 Crosses Above Plot2 Or Plot2 > 5 Then Or is used here to determine if either the direction of the cross of the values Plot1 and Plot2, or that Plot2 is greater than 5 is True on the bar under consideration. If either is True, the condition returns True.
If Value1 Crosses Above Value2 Or Value1 > Value1[1] Then Or is used here to determine if either the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2, or that Value1 is greater that Value1 of one bar ago is True on the bar under consideration. If either is True, the condition returns True.
Over
This word is used to check for the direction of a cross between values.
Used in conjunction with the "crosses" to detect when a value crosses over, or becomes greater than another value. A value (Value1) crosses over another value (Value2) whenever Value1 is greater than Value2 in the current bar but Value 1 was equal to or less than Value 2 in the previous bar.
Over is a synonym for Above.
Examples
If Average(Close, 9) Crosses Over the Average(Close, 18) Then Over is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the values two moving averages on the bar under consideration.
If Value1 Crosses Over Value2 Then Over is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2 on the bar under consideration.
P
Pager_DefaultName
Returns the string value of the default Message Recipient as specified in the Messaging tab under the File - Desktop Options menu.
The string is returned in the format “Default Name”.
Example
Pager_DefaultName returns a value of “This is a test message for Default User” if that is the string specified in the Messaging tab under the Tools - Desktop Options menu.
Pager_Send
Sends the specified string value to the specified string name.
Pager_Send(“Str_Name”, “Str_Msg”) ;
(str_Name) is a string expression which specifies the recipient of the message.
(str_Msg) is a string expression containing the message that will be sent to the pager.
Paging must be enabled and installed for delivery of the message to be completed.
Example
The following sends the message “Buy 200 AMD at Market” to Joe Trader:
Pager_Send("Joe Trader", "Buy 200 AMD at Market") ;
PaintBar
PlotPaintBar( BarHigh, BarLow [, BarOpen [, BarClose [, "<PlotName>"[, ForeColor[, Default[, Width]]]]]] );
BarHigh, BarLow, BarOpen and BarClose are numeric expressions representing the high, low, open and closing prices for the bar to be drawn by the PaintBar study, and <PlotName> is the name of the plot. ForeColor is an Easy Language color used for the plot (also referred to as PlotColor), Default (reserved for future use), and Width is a numeric value representing the width of the plot.
PercentProfit
Returns the percentage of all closed trades that were winners.
PercentProfit can be calculated by NumWinTrades / TotalTrades.
Examples
PercentProfit returns 80 if the 8 winning trades resulted from 10 total trades.
PercentProfit returns 25 if the 4 winning trades resulted from 16 total trades.
Place
This word is a skip word retained for backward compatibility.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the PowerEditor.
PlayMovieChain
Plays the movie chain with the specified reference number.
The reference number should be a whole positive number.
Example
Print(PlayMovieChain(1)) plays the movie chain with a reference number of 1.
PlaySound
Plays the specified sound file.
The specified file should be a *.wav audio file.
Example
Print(PlaySound("c:\sounds\Thatsabuy.wav")) plays the sound file Thatsabuy.wav that resides in directory c:\sounds.
Plot
The reserved word Plot is used to obtain the value of the specified plot for the purposes of comparison or calculation.
Plot(n)
EasyLanguage allows four plot statements per analysis technique, Plot1 through Plot4. The parameter (n) is a numeric expression 1 - 4 identifying the plot for which to obtain the value.
This reserved word enables you to use an input or a variable to specify dynamically the plot to reference.
You cannot use the reserved word Plot to draw values in a chart or grid; the reserved words Plot1 - Plot4 are used to display values.
Example
The following statement uses a variable, Value1, to specify the plot number:
If Plot(Value1) crosses under Close then buy next bar on Open ;
Plot1
Displays the results of a mathematical calculation or an expression in a chart or grid.
Plot1(Value) ;
or
Plot1(Value, “str_name”, FGColor, BGColor, Width) ;
(Value) is the numeric expression to display in a chart, or numeric, string, or true/false expression to display in a grid. This is the only required parameter.
(str_Name) is the text string representing the plot’s name. The name of a plot is displayed in the Properties tab when you format the analysis technique using the Plot1 statement, in the status line and Data Window in a chart, and in the column heading of a grid. Optional parameter. If no name is specified, the name “Plot1” is used.
(FGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot foreground (when displaying a plot in a chart, you only specify the foreground color). See EasyLanguage colors for a list of available colors. Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(BGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot background (applicable only when applying the analysis technique to a grid, this parameter is ignored when applied to a chart). Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(Width) is a numeric value representing the width of the plot line when applying the analysis technique to a chart. This parameter is ignored when applied to a grid. Optional parameter. When no width is specified, the width specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
When applying the analysis technique to a chart, you can displace the plot to the right or left. For example:
Plot1 [3] (Value1) ;
The above example calculates the plot value using the current bar but draws it on the chart 3 bars ago. Use a negative number to draw the value 3 bars ahead of the current bar. You cannot displace a plot in this way when applying the analysis technique to a grid.
Example
Plot1(Average(Close, 14), “Average”) ;
The above example displays the average of the last 14 bars. The plot is named “Average” and it is displayed in the color(s) and width specified in the Properties tab of the Format dialog box.
Plot1(Average(Close, 14), “Average”, Default, Default, 3) ;
The above example displays the same average, the defaults are used for the colors, and the width is set to 3.
Plot1(Value1, “Average”, Value2, Value3, Value4) ;
The above example displays the value held in the variable Value 1. Not shown are the variable assignment statements you would have to use to assign values to the variables Value1 - Value4. The plot is named “
Average” and the background and foreground colors as well as the width are specified. Using variables in place of the parameters allows you to manipulate the colors and width dynamically within the analysis technique. Therefore, you can set the colors and width to Default (to use the colors and width in the Properties tab) when you want, or set them to specific values.
Plot2
Displays the results of a mathematical calculation or an expression in a chart or grid.
Plot2(Value) ;
or
Plot2(Value, “str_name”, FGColor, BGColor, Width) ;
(Value) is the numeric expression to display in a chart, or numeric, string, or true/false expression to display in a grid. This is the only required parameter.
(str_Name) is the text string representing the plot’s name. The name of a plot is displayed in the Properties tab when you format the analysis technique using the Plot1 statement, in the status line and Data Window in a chart, and in the column heading of a grid. Optional parameter. If no name is specified, the name “Plot2” is used.
(FGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot foreground (when displaying a plot in a chart, you only specify the foreground color). See EasyLanguage colors for a list of available colors. Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(BGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot background (applicable only when applying the analysis technique to a grid, this parameter is ignored when applied to a chart). Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(Width) is a numeric value representing the width of the plot line when applying the analysis technique to a chart. This parameter is ignored when applied to a grid. Optional parameter. When no width is specified, the width specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
When applying the analysis technique to a chart, you can displace the plot to the right or left. For example:
Plot2 [3] (Value1) ;
The above example calculates the plot value using the current bar but draws it on the chart 3 bars ago. Use a negative number to draw the value 3 bars ahead of the current bar. You cannot displace a plot in this way when applying the analysis technique to a grid.
Example
Plot2(Average(Close, 14), “Average”) ;
The above example displays the average of the last 14 bars. The plot is named “Average” and it is displayed in the color(s) and width specified in the Properties tab of the Format dialog box.
Plot2(Average(Close, 14), “Average”, Default, Default, 3) ;
The above example displays the same average, the defaults are used for the colors, and the width is set to 3.
Plot2(Value1, “Average”, Value2, Value3, Value4) ;
The above example displays the value held in the variable Value 1. Not shown are the variable assignment statements you would have to use to assign values to the variables Value1 - Value4. The plot is named “
Average” and the background and foreground colors as well as the width are specified. Using variables in place of the parameters allows you to manipulate the colors and width dynamically within the analysis technique. Therefore, you can set the colors and width to Default (to use the colors and width in the Properties tab) when you want, or set them to specific values.
Plot3
Displays the results of a mathematical calculation or an expression in a chart or grid.
Plot3(Value) ;
or
Plot3(Value, “str_name”, FGColor, BGColor, Width) ;
(Value) is the numeric expression to display in a chart, or numeric, string, or true/false expression to display in a grid. This is the only required parameter.
(str_Name) is the text string representing the plot’s name. The name of a plot is displayed in the Properties tab when you format the analysis technique using the Plot1 statement, in the status line and Data Window in a chart, and in the column heading of a grid. Optional parameter. If no name is specified, the name “Plot3” is used.
(FGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot foreground (when displaying a plot in a chart, you only specify the foreground color). See EasyLanguage colors for a list of available colors. Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(BGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot background (applicable only when applying the analysis technique to a grid, this parameter is ignored when applied to a chart). Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(Width) is a numeric value representing the width of the plot line when applying the analysis technique to a chart. This parameter is ignored when applied to a grid. Optional parameter. When no width is specified, the width specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
When applying the analysis technique to a chart, you can displace the plot to the right or left. For example:
Plot3 [3] (Value1) ;
The above example calculates the plot value using the current bar but draws it on the chart 3 bars ago. Use a negative number to draw the value 3 bars ahead of the current bar. You cannot displace a plot in this way when applying the analysis technique to a grid.
Example
Plot3(Average(Close, 14), “Average”) ;
The above example displays the average of the last 14 bars. The plot is named “Average” and it is displayed in the color(s) and width specified in the Properties tab of the Format dialog box.
Plot3(Average(Close, 14), “Average”, Default, Default, 3) ;
The above example displays the same average, the defaults are used for the colors, and the width is set to 3.
Plot3(Value1, “Average”, Value2, Value3, Value4) ;
The above example displays the value held in the variable Value 1. Not shown are the variable assignment statements you would have to use to assign values to the variables Value1 - Value4. The plot is named “
Average” and the background and foreground colors as well as the width are specified. Using variables in place of the parameters allows you to manipulate the colors and width dynamically within the analysis technique. Therefore, you can set the colors and width to Default (to use the colors and width in the Properties tab) when you want, or set them to specific values.
Plot4
Displays the results of a mathematical calculation or an expression in a chart or grid.
Plot4(Value) ;
or
Plot4(Value, “str_name”, FGColor, BGColor, Width) ;
(Value) is the numeric expression to display in a chart, or numeric, string, or true/false expression to display in a grid. This is the only required parameter.
(str_Name) is the text string representing the plot’s name. The name of a plot is displayed in the Properties tab when you format the analysis technique using the Plot1 statement, in the status line and Data Window in a chart, and in the column heading of a grid. Optional parameter. If no name is specified, the name “Plot4” is used.
(FGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot foreground (when displaying a plot in a chart, you only specify the foreground color). See EasyLanguage colors for a list of available colors. Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(BGColor) is the EasyLanguage reserved word (or its numeric equivalent) identifying the color to assign to the plot background (applicable only when applying the analysis technique to a grid, this parameter is ignored when applied to a chart). Optional parameter. When no color is specified, the color specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
(Width) is a numeric value representing the width of the plot line when applying the analysis technique to a chart. This parameter is ignored when applied to a grid. Optional parameter. When no width is specified, the width specified in the Properties tab of the Format analysis technique dialog box is used.
When applying the analysis technique to a chart, you can displace the plot to the right or left. For example:
Plot4 [3] (Value1) ;
The above example calculates the plot value using the current bar but draws it on the chart 3 bars ago. Use a negative number to draw the value 3 bars ahead of the current bar. You cannot displace a plot in this way when applying the analysis technique to a grid.
Example
Plot4(Average(Close, 14), “Average”) ;
The above example displays the average of the last 14 bars. The plot is named “Average” and it is displayed in the color(s) and width specified in the Properties tab of the Format dialog box.
Plot4(Average(Close, 14), “Average”, Default, Default, 3) ;
The above example displays the same average, the defaults are used for the colors, and the width is set to 3.
Plot4(Value1, “Average”, Value2, Value3, Value4) ;
The above example displays the value held in the variable Value 1. Not shown are the variable assignment statements you would have to use to assign values to the variables Value1 - Value4. The plot is named “
Average” and the background and foreground colors as well as the width are specified. Using variables in place of the parameters allows you to manipulate the colors and width dynamically within the analysis technique. Therefore, you can set the colors and width to Default (to use the colors and width in the Properties tab) when you want, or set them to specific values.
PM_GetNumColumns
Returns the number of columns in a ProbabilityMap array.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, Value1, equal to the number of columns in the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
Value1 = PM_GetNumColumns;
PM_SetNumColumns
Sets the number of columns in a ProbabilityMap array.
(num) is a numeric expression representing the desired number of columns for the ProbabilityMap.
Example
If you wanted to set the input, Barcolumns, as the number of columns in the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
SetNumColumns(PM_BarColumns);
POB
This word is retained for backward compatibility. (Price or Better)
POB has been replaced by Limit.
POB is a synonym for a limit order meaning "or higher" or "or lower", depending on the context used within a strategy.
Point
Reserved word that represents one increment of the Price Scale.
Point reflects a change in the decimal portion of a price.
Examples
Close + 1 point returns one increment of the Price Scale added to the Close price.
Low - 1 point returns the Low of the bar minus one increment of the Price Scale.
Additional Example
An exit statement can be written to prevent large losses by:
ExitLong This Bar at EntryPrice - 1 point Stop;
POINTER
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Points
Reserved word that represents multiple increments of the Price Scale.
Similar to the reserved word Point.
Represents multiple value change in the decimal portion of a price.
Examples
Close + 5 points returns the Close price plus five increments of the Price Scale added to it.
Low - 2 points returns the Low of the bar minus two increments of the Price Scale.
Additional Example
An exit statement can be written to prevent large losses by:
ExitLong This Bar at EntryPrice - 3 points Stop;
PointValue
Returns the dollar value represented by one increment of a security’s Price Scale.
PointValue can be calculated as Big Point Value divided by the Price Scale, as specified in the Symbol Dictionary.
Examples
PointValue returns 2.5 for the S&P 500 Future trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
PointValue returns .001 for IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
Additional Example
The smallest dollar move of an asset can be calculated by:
Value1 = PointValue * MinMove;
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Pos
(num) is a numeric expression.
Returns the absolute value of num.
Examples
Pos(-5) returns 5.
Pos(350) returns 350.
Position
References a position in a Position Search Strategy.
Example
If you wanted to search for a Delta neutral position, you could use the following syntax:
Condition1 = Delta of Position < .1 And Delta of Position > -.1;
PositionStatus(Condition1);
PositionID
References the PositionID of the Position in a Search Strategy.
Example
If you wanted to plot the Position ID in an indicator, you could use the following syntax:
Plot1(PositionID of Position, "Position ID");
PositionProfit
Returns the current gain or loss of the specified position.
PositionProfit (Num) ;
(Num) is a numeric expression representing the number of positions ago.
This function can only be used in the evaluation of strategies. PositionProfit does not require an input, it returns the gain or loss of the current position. However, by using the input Num, you can obtain the gain or loss for a previous position.
Example
PositionProfit(3) returns a value of -1.00 if the third most recent position on a chart had a loss of 1.00.
PositionStatus
Defines the true/false expression that must be true in order to create a position in a Position Search Strategy.
(Condition) is a true/false expression that determines when to create a position.
Example
If you wanted to create Search Strategy that searched for positions of in the money calls, you could use the following syntax:
CreateLeg(1, Call);
Condition1 = Close of asset > Strike of Leg(1);
PositionStatus(Condition1);
Power
Returns the number raised to the specified power.
Power(Num, Pow) ;
(Num) is the number to raise to the specified power
(Pow) is the power by which to raise the number
Examples
Pow(2,3) returns 8
Pow(4,5) returns 4096.
Price_To_Book
Returns the Primary EPS, excluding Extraordinary Items and Discontinued Operations.
Price_To_Book is calculated by the adjusted income available to common stockholders divided by the primary average shares outstanding.
PriceScale
Returns the precision to which a security trades.
PriceScale reads the field Price Scale specified in the Symbol Dictionary.
Returns the lower portion of the price scale fraction.
Examples
PriceScale returns 1/100 for the S&P 500 Futures.
PriceScale returns 1/4 for Corn Futures.
Sends information to the Debug window in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor or, if specified, to an output location (a file or the default printer).
Print (Parameters) ;
Parameters is any number of valid string, numeric series, or numeric expression, each separated by a comma. To send output to a printer or file instead of the Debug Window, you must also specify output location.
If no output location is specified, the information is sent to the Debug window in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
To send information to a specified file instead of the Debug window, specify the file and path as the first parameter. Enclose the file name and path in quotation marks. To send the information to the default printer, include the word Printer as the first parameter.
You can format the numeric expressions displayed using the Print reserved word. To do so, use the following syntax:
Print( Value1:N:M );
Value 1 is any numeric expression, N is the minimum number of integers to use, and M is the number of decimals to use. If the numeric expression being sent to the Debug window has more integers than what is specified by N, the Print statement uses as many digits as necessary, and the decimal values are rounded to the nearest value. For example, assume Value1 is equal to 3.14159 and we have written the following statement:
Print(Value1:0:4);
The numeric expression displayed in the Debug window would be 3.1416. As another example, to format the closing prices, you can use the following statement:
Print(ELDateToString(Date), Time, Close:0:4);
Examples
The following statement sends the date, time, and closing price of the current bar to the Debug window:
Print(Date, Time, Close);
The following statement sends the same information to an ASCII file called Mydata.txt:
Print(File("c:\data\mydata.txt"),Date, Time, Close);
The following statement sends the information to the default printer instead:
Print(Printer, Date, Time, Close);
Printer
Sends information to the default printer from a Print statement.
The word "Printer" must be the first expression listed in the print statement followed by a comma, and then the requested information. Commas must be used to separate multiple expressions in a print statement.
Example
If you wanted to send the date, time, and close information to the printer when you applied an analysis technique, you could use the following syntax:
Print(Printer, Date, Time, Close);
Product
Returns the number representing the product being used.
The Product function returns values based on the following table.
Product Name Product Number
TradeStation 0
OptionStation
SuperCharts 1
Examples
If you wanted to only display an indicator when the user applied the indicator to a TradeStation chart, you could use the following syntax:
If Product = 0 Then
Plot1(Value1, "Indicator");
Profit
This word has been reserved for future use.
ProfitTargetStop
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Profit Target LX and Profit Target SX.
Protective
This word has been reserved for future use.
Put
Used to determine if an option or leg analyzed is a put.
Example
If OptionType of Option = Put Then {Your Operation Here}
PutCount
Returns the number of puts in the option chain.
PutCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = PutCount of Asset;
PutITMCount
This word has been reserved for future use.
PutOTMCount
This word has been reserved for future use.
PutSeriesCount
Returns the number of put series available in the option chain.
PutSeriesCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = PutSeriesCount of Asset;
PutStrikeCount
Returns the number of strike prices available for puts in the option chain.
PutStrikeCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = PutStrikeCount of Asset;
Q
q_7DayYield
Returns a numeric expression representing the net 7 day yield for a mutual fund.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Ask
Returns a numeric expression representing the last ASK for a symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_AskExchange
Returns a string expression representing the exchange the last bid was sent from .
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_AskSize
Returns a numeric expression representing the number of units offered at the best ask price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Bid
Returns a numeric expression representing the last bid price for a symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_BidExchange
Returns a string expression representing the exchange the last bid was sent from .
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_BidSize
Returns a numeric expression representing the number of units bid at the best bid price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Close
Returns a numeric expression representing the price of the close of the last completed trading session.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_DatafeedID
Returns a numeric expression representing the datafeed ID.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Date
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last time any price of field of this symbol was updated.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_DateLastAsk
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last ask transmitted by the datafeed.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_DateLastBid
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last bid transmitted by the datafeed.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_DateLastTrade
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last trade transmitted by the datafeed.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_DownVolume
Returns a numeric expression representing the down volume for the current trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_ExchangeListed
Returns a string expression representing the exchange under which the symbol is listed.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_ExpirationDate
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the expiration date for the symbol. The expiration date is defined by the expiration rule chosen for the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Headline
Returns a string expression containing the last headline transmitted by the datafeed for this symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_HeadlineCount
Returns a numeric expression representing the number of headlines transmitted by the datafeed on the current day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_High
Returns a numeric expression representing the highest price traded during the current trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Hour
Returns a numeric expression representing the hour of the last time any price field of this symbol was updated.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Last
Returns a numeric expression representing the last traded price of the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_LastTradingDate
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last trading date for the symbol. The last trading date is defined by the expiration rule chosen for the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Low
Returns a numeric expression representing the lowest price traded during the current trading session.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Margin
Returns a numeric expression representing the margin for a future.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Minute
Returns a numeric expression representing the minutes of the last time any price field of this symbol was updated.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_MinutesDelayed
Returns a numeric expression representing the number of minutes this symbol is delayed.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Month
Returns a numeric expression representing the month of the last time any price field of the symbol was updated.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_NetAssetValue
Returns a numeric expression representing the net asset value for a mutual fund.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_NetChange
Returns a numeric expression representing the net change for the previous day's close to the current's day last price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_NewsCount
Returns a numeric expression representing the number of headlines transmitted by the datafeed on the current day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_NewsDay
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the last headline transmitted by the datafeed for the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_NewsTime
Returns a numeric expression representing the time of the last headline transmitted by the datafeed for the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Open
Returns a numeric expression representing the opening price of the symbol.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_OptionType
Returns a numeric expression representing the option type.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousClose
Returns a numeric expression representing the close of the previous trading session.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousDate
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage date of the previous trading session.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousHigh
Returns a numeric expression representing the highest traded price for the previous trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousLow
Returns a numeric expression representing the lowest traded price for the previous trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousOpen
Returns a numeric expression representing the opening price of the previous trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousOpenInterest
Returns a numeric expression representing the open Interest of the previous trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_PreviousTime
Returns a numeric expression representing the time of the previous trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_StrikePrice
Returns a numeric expression representing the strike price of the an option.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Time
Returns a numeric expression representing the EasyLanguage time of the last time the symbol was updated.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_TimeLastAsk
Returns a numeric expression representing the time of the last ask price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_TimeLastBid
Returns a numeric expression representing the time of the last bid price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_TimeLastTrade
Returns a numeric expression representing the time of the last trade price.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_TotalVolume
Returns a numeric expression representing the total trade volume of the trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_TradeVolume
Returns a numeric expression representing the trade volume of the last trade.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_UnchangedVolume
Returns a numeric expression representing the unchanged volume for the current trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_UpVolume
Returns a numeric expression representing the up volume for the current trading day.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Year
Returns a numeric expression representing the year of the last trade.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
q_Yield
Returns a numeric expression representing the yield of a bond.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
Quick_Ratio
Returns the Quick Ratio value.
Quick Ratio is calculated by (Cash + Short Term Investments + Accounts Receivable) / Total Current Liabilities.
R
Random
Returns a random number in the range between 0 and (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
Random(35) might return a value of 21.26.
Power(142.56) might return a value of 136.23.
RawAsk
Returns the raw ask value received from the data provider.
Example
If RawAsk of Option - Close of Option < .125 then
Alert("Very Low Ask");
RawBid
Returns the raw bid value received from the data provider.
Example
If Close of Option - RawBid of Option < .125 then
Alert("Very Low Bid");
Red
Sets the plot color or background color to Red.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Red) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Red.
TL_SetColor(1, Red) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Red.
Repeat
This word has been reserved for future use.
Ret_On_Avg_Equity
Returns the Return on Average Equity.
Ret_On_Avg_Equity is calculated by income available to common stockholders divided by the Average Common Equity and is expressed as a percentage..
RevSize
Returns the Reversal size of a Point & Figure chart.
The Reversal size of a Point & Figure chart is defined by the user on the Format Symbol dialog, Settings tab.
Examples
RevSize returns 3 if the reversal size is set to 3.
RevSize returns 1 if the reversal size is set to 1.
Rho
Returns the Rho value of an option, leg, or position. The value of Rho can also be established in a Pricing Model by using Rho(Value).
Debit will positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If Rho of Option > HighVal Then
Alert("High Rho");
In a Pricing Model, you can set the value of Rho by using the following syntax:
Rho(0);
RightSide
Used to specify ActivityBar actions on the right side of the bar.
Example
GetCellChar(Close, Rightside, 3) Rightside is used to specify the right side of the ActivityBar.
RightStr
Reduces the specified string expression.
RightStr (Str1, sSize) ;
(Str1) is the string expression that you want to reduce. It must be enclosed in quotation marks.
(sSize) is the numeric expression indicating the number of characters, counting from the end of the string expression, that will be retained. Any additional characters are removed.
None
Example
RightStr("Net Profit", 6) returns the string expression “Profit”.
Round
Returns (Num) rounded to (Prec) decimal places.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
(Prec) is a numeric expression representing the number of decimal places to keep.
Examples
Round(142.3215, 2) returns a value of 142.32.
Round(9.5687, 3) returns a value of of 9.569.
S
Saturday
Returns the number 6 as the value for Saturday.
The value returned is an integer representing Saturday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Saturday).
Example
Saturday returns a value of 6 as the value for Saturday.
Screen
This word has been reserved for future use.
Sell
Reserved word used to generate an order for a Short Entry.
The earliest order entry that can be generated is for the close of the current bar.
Orders can be generated for:
this bar on Close
next bar at Market
next bar at PRICE Stop
next bar at PRICE Limit
An entry statement consists of: Entry/Exit order, Signal name, number of contracts, timing, Price, Market/Stop/Limit.
Examples
Sell ("ShortEntry") 5 contracts this bar on close; generates an order to enter a short position of 5 contracts at the Close of the current bar.
Sell ("NextEntry") next bar at market; generates an order to enter a short position at the first price of next bar.
Additional Example
Sell ("MyTrade") next bar at 75 Stop; generates an order to enter a short position on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
SeriesCount
Returns the number of series available in the option chain.
SeriesCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = SeriesCount of Asset;
Sess1EndTime
Returns the ending time of the first trading session for the security.
Sess1EndTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess1EndTime returns 1500 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Sess1EndTime returns 1615 when applied to IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
Additional Example
You can check the last bar of the day on an intraday chart with:
IF Time = Sess1EndTime THEN
ExitLong this bar on Close;
Sess1FirstBarTime
Returns the time of the First bar generated during the first session of trading of the day.
Sess1FirstBarTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess1FirstBarTime returns 1000 when applied to IBM data with a 30 minute compression.
Sess1FirstBarTime returns 0825 when applied to US Treasury Bond Data with a 5 minute compression.
Sess1StartTime
Returns the starting time of the first trading session of the security.
Sess1StartTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess1StartTime returns 0820 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Sess1StartTime returns 0930 when applied to IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
Additional Example
You can check the first bar of the day on an intraday chart with:
IF Time = CalcTime(Sess1StartTime, BarInterval) THEN
ExitLong this bar on Close;
Sess2EndTime
Returns the ending time of the second trading session for a security.
Sess2EndTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess2EndTime returns 0745 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Sess2EndTime returns 0915 when applied to the S&P 500 Futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Additional Example
You can check the last bar of the session on an intraday chart with:
IF Time = Sess2EndTime THEN
ExitLong this bar on Close;
Sess2FirstBarTime
Returns the time of the First bar generated during the second session of trading of the day.
Sess2FirstBarTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess2FirstBarTime returns 1715 when applied to S&P 500 Futures data with a 30 minute compression.
Sess2FirstBarTime returns 1535 when applied to US Treasury Bond Data with a 5 minute compression.
Sess2StartTime
Returns the starting time of the second trading session of the security.
Sess2StartTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Sess2StartTime returns 1530 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Sess2StartTime returns 1645 when applied to the S&P 500 Futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Additional Example
You can check the first bar of the second session on an intraday chart with:
IF Time = CalcTime(Sess2StartTime, BarInterval) THEN
ExitLong this bar on Close;
SetBotBound
Sets the bottom boundary of a ProbabilityMap array.
(Price) is a numeric expression representing the desired price level on the chart.
(Price) must represent a constant value.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, MapBottom, as the bottom boundry of the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
SetBotBound(MapBottom);
SetBreakEven
SetBreakEven sets a built-in breakeven stop.
(FloorAmnt) is a numeric expression that represents the floor, or minimum equity needed for the stop to become active.
Example
In order to place a breakeven stop once a position has made a $250 profit, you would write:
SetStopPosition;
SetBreakEven(250);
SetDollarTrailing
Used to place a dollar risk trailing stop.
SetDollarTrailing(DollarValue) ;
(DollarValue) is a numeric expression representing the dollar amount that you are willing to risk per position or per contract/share.
Example
To place a dollar risk trailing stop at $500 for the entire position, write:
SetStopPosition;
SetDollarTrailing(500);
As the price rises, so does the placement of the stop. It is maintained at a dollar value that results in a total of $500 loss for the entire position.
SetExitOnClose
SetExitOnClose exits a position at the last bar of the day for intraday charts.
Example
In order to exit all positions at the end of the day, you would write:
SetExitOnClose;
SetPercentTrailing
Used to place a percent risk trailing stop.
SetPercentTrailing(FloorAmt, Percent) ;
(FloorAmnt) is a numeric expression representing the floor, or minimum equity needed to activate the stop. You can use 0, in which case, the stop is activated regardless of equity achieved.
(Percent) is a numeric expression representing the percentage of the maximum equity needed to be lost to close the trade.
Example
In order to place a percentage based trailing stop that exits a position once it has returned 15% of the maximum equity earned after the position has made $500, you would write:
SetStopPosition;
SetPercentTrailing(500,15);
SetPlotBGColor
Sets the background color of the cell(s) to which a specified analysis technique is applied.
(PlotNum) is a numeric expression representing a plot number.
(BGColor) corresponds to the numeric value or EasyLanguage reserved word corresponding to the background color you want to assign to a plot when applying an indicator to a grid.
SetPlotBGColor is only valid for indicators applied to grids.
Example
If you wanted to set the background color of the cell for Plot1 to white, you could use the following syntax:
SetPlotBGColor(1, White);
SetPlotColor
Sets the plot line color in a chart, or the foreground color of the cell(s) in a grid to which a specified analysis technique is applied.
(PlotNum) is a numeric expression representing a plot number.
(FGColor) corresponds to the numeric value or EasyLanguage reserved word corresponding to the plot line in a chart, or the foreground color in a grid you want to assign to a plot when applying an indicator.
SetPlotColor is valid for indicators applied to both charts and grids.
Example
If you wanted to set the foreground color for Plot1 to blue, you could use the following syntax:
SetPlotColor(1, Blue);
SetPlotWidth
Sets the width of the specified plot line in a chart.
(PlotNum) is a numeric expression representing a plot number.
(Width) is a numeric expression representing the plot’s width.
SetPlotWidth can only be used to change the width of plot lines in charts.
Example
If you wanted to set the width of Plot1 to 5, you could use the following syntax:
SetPlotWidth(1, 5);
SetProfitTarget
SetProfitTarget sets a built-in profit target stop.
(DollarValue) is a numeric expression representing the dollar value of the profit target.
Example
In order to exit a position once the price has returned $400, you would write:
SetStopContract;
SetProfitTarget(400);
SetPredictionValue
Returns the number of columns in a ProbabilityMap array.
(Column) is a numeric expression representing the desired column number for the prediction value.
(Price) is a numeric expression representing the desired price level from for the prediction value.
(Value) is a numeric expression representing the value of prediction value from 0 to 100.
Example
If you wanted to set the prediction value of the cell in column 5 with a price of 95.250 to 86.53 in the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
SetPredictionValue(5, 92.250, 86.53);
SetRowIncrement
Sets the row increment value in a ProbabilityMap array.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, RowHeight, as the row increment value in the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
SetRowIncrement(RowHeight);
SetStopContract
Instructs TradeStation to evaluate all stop values of a strategy on a per contract basis.
If SetStopPosition and/or SetStopContract are used multiple times, even in different signals within a strategy, the last instance is used. Therefore, in the example below, Signal2 is ignored.
Signal1: SetStopPosition;
Signal2: SetStopContract;
Signal3: SetStopPosition;
Example
If you want to place a stop loss order of $500 per contract, you would write:
SetStopContract;
SetStopLoss(500);
SetStopLoss
Used to place a stop loss order (money management stop).
SetStopLoss(DollarValue) ;
(DollarValue) is a numeric expression representing the dollar amount that must be incurred before the position or contract/share is liquidated.
Example
You are long 10 shares and the entry price is 52. To exit your long position when you’re down $2/per contract or share, write:
SetStopContract ;
SetStopLoss (2) ;
Additional Example
You are long 500 shares, and the entry price is 12. To exit your long position when you’re down $1000 for the entire position, write:
SetStopPosition ;
SetStopLoss(1000);
In this case, when the price reaches 10, you are exited from your long position (500 x $2 = 1000).
SetStopPosition
Instructs TradeStation to evaluate all stop values of a strategy on a per position basis.
If SetStopPosition and/or SetStopContract are used multiple times, even in different signals within a strategy, the last instance is used. Therefore, in the example below, Signal2 is ignored.
Signal1: SetStopPosition;
Signal2: SetStopContract;
Signal3: SetStopPosition;
Example
If you want to place a stop loss order of $1200 for the entire position, you would write:
SetStopPosition;
SetStopLoss(1200);
SetTopBound
Sets the top boundary of a ProbabilityMap array.
(Price) is a numeric expression representing the desired price level on the chart.
(Price) must represent a constant value.
Example
If you wanted to set the variable, MapTop, as the top boundry of the ProbabilityMap array, you could use the following syntax:
SetTopBound(MapTop);
SGA_Exp_By_NetSales
Returns the total revenue divided by the number of outstanding share.
Share
Reserved word used to specify the number of units to trade within a trading strategy.
Share is normally used in a Buy, Sell, or Exit statement.
Examples
Buy 1 share next bar at market;
generates an order to buy one share at the open of the next bar.
Sell 1 share next bar at market;
generates an order to sell one share at the open of the next bar.
Additional Example
To exit from only 1 contract from multiple long positions, write:
ExitLong 1 share total next bar at market;
Shares
Reserved word used to specify the number of units to trade within a trading strategy.
Shares is normally used in a Buy, Sell or Exit statement.
Examples
Buy 5 shares next bar at market;
generates an order to buy five shares at the open of the next bar.
Sell 5 shares next bar at market;
generates an order to sell five shares at the open of the next bar.
Additional Example
To exit from only 5 contracts from multiple long positions, write:
ExitLong 5 shares total next bar at market;
Sign
Returns an integer based on the sign on (Num). 1 is returned for a positive value, -1 is returned for a negative value, and 0 is returned for zero.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
Examples
Sign(56.23) returns a value of 1.
Sign(-9.5687) returns a value of -1.
Sine
Returns the sine value of the specified (Num) of degrees.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The sine is the trigonometric function that for an acute angle is the ratio between the leg opposite the angle when it is considered part of a right triangle and the hypotenuse.
(Num) should be the number of degrees in the angle.
Examples
Sine(45) returns a value of 0.7071.
Sine(72) returns a value of 0.9511.
Skip
This word has been reserved for future use.
Slippage
Returns the slippage setting in the applied strategy’s Costs tab.
This reserved word can only be used in the evaluation of strategies.
Example
Slippage returns a value of .50 if the slippage under the strategy’s Costs tab has been set to .5.
SnapFundExists
Returns True if snapshot fundamental data exists in the data stream, False otherwise.
Spaces
Adds the specified number of blank spaces into the line of commentary or text output.
Spaces (Cnt) ;
(Cnt) is the numeric expression indicating the number of spaces to be inserted.
None
Example
Print("Close" + Spaces(5) + NumToStr(Close, 3));
The above example results in five blank spaces between the string “Close” and the closing price.
Square
Returns the square of the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The square is a number raised to the 2nd power.
Examples
Square(6.23) returns a value of 38.8219.
Square(-9.5687) returns a value of 91.5600.
SquareRoot
Returns the square root of the specified (Num).
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The square root is the number that must be raised to the 2nd power in order to produce a given number, (Num).
(Num) must be a positive number or zero.
Examples
SquareRoot(6.23) returns a value of 2.4960.
SquareRoot(121) returns a value of 11.
StartDate
Reserved word used with GlobalServer Expiration rules.
StockSplit
Returns the ratio of the stock split reported during a certain period.
StockSplit (Num) ;
StockSplit does not require an input, it returns the most recently reported stock split ratio. However, by using an input, you can obtain the ratio of a stock split report other than the most recent.
Examples
StockSplit returns the last split ratio reported.
StockSplit(2)returns the split ratio reported 2 periods ago.
StockSplitCount
Returns the number of times that stock splits have been reported in the time frame considered.
StockSplitCount counts the number of times that stock splits have been reported during the time frame specified.
StockSplitDate
Returns the date on which a stock split was reported.
StockSplitDate (Num) ;
StockSplitDate does not require an input, it returns the date of the most recently reported stock split. However, by using an input, you can obtain the date of a stock split report other than the most recent.
Examples
StockSplitDate returns the date of the last reported stock split.
StockSplitDate(2) returns the date of the last reported stock split 2 periods ago.
StockSplitTime
Returns the time of the last stock split report.
StockSplitTime (Num) ;
StockSplitTime does not require an input, it returns the time for the most recently reported stock split. However, by using an input, you can obtain the time of a stock split report other than the most recent.
Examples
StockSplitTime returns the time of the last stock split report.
StockSplitTime(2)returns the time of the stock split report 2 periods ago.
Stop
Used in an entry or exit statement to specify how to fill an order.
Stop orders can only be executed on the next bar.
Stop can be read as “this price or worse”, meaning higher for a Long Entry and Short Exit, lower for a Short Entry and Long Exit.
Stop orders require a reference price.
Examples
Buy next bar at 75 Stop;
Generates an order to enter a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or higher.
Sell next bar at 75 Stop;
Generates an order to enter a short position on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Additional Example
ExitLong next bar at 75 Stop;
Generates an order to exit a long position on the next bar at a price of 75 or lower.
Strike
Returns the strike price of an option or position leg.
Example
If OptionType of Option = Call AND Close of Asset > Strike of Option then
Plot1( "Call in-the-money", "Option" )
Else
Plot1( "Call out-of-the-money","Option" );
StrikeCount
Returns the number of strikes available in the option chain.
StrikeCount is used in navigating the option chain within OptionStation. OptionStation keeps an array of all available options for EasyLanguage calculations, and this Reserved Word can be used to help determine the makeup of that array.
Example
Value1 = StrikeCount of Asset;
StrikeITMCount
This word has been reserved for future use.
StrikeOTMCount
This word has been reserved for future use.
String
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
The type of value returned by a function.
Examples
Input: MyMessage(String);
declares the constant MyMessage as a String value to be used in a function.
Input: NewMessage(String);
declares the constant NewMessage as a String value to be used in a function.
StringArray
StringArray declares a function input as a string array being passed by value.
A function input is declared as a string array when it is passing in a string array by value.
Example
Input: PassedValues[n](StringArray);
indicates that a string array is being passed into the function by value through the Input PassedValues.
StringArrayRef
StringArrayRef declares a function input as a string array being passed by reference.
A function input is declared as a string array reference when it is passing in a string array by reference.
Example
Input: PassedValues[n](StringArrayRef) indicates that a string array is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValues.
StringRef
StringRef declares a function input as a string being passed by reference.
A Function Input is declared as a string reference when it is passing in a string by reference.
Examples
PassedValue(stringRef) indicates that a string is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValue.
StringSeries
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
StringSeries is used for inputs that whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: MyMessage(StringSeries); declares the constant MyMessage as a String value to be used in a function, where historical values of MyMessage are available.
Input: NewMessage(StringSeries); declares the constant NewMessage as a String value to be used in a function, where historical values of NewMessage are available.
StringSimple
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
StringSimple can not be used for inputs whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: MyMessage(StringSimple); declares the constant MyMessage as a String value to be used in a function, restricting MyMessage to be a value that does not contain historical values.
Input: NewMessage(StringSimple); declares the constant NewMessage as a String value to be used in a function, restricting NewMessage to be a value that does not contain historical values.
StrLen
Counts and returns number of characters in the specified string expression.
StrLen(Str) ;
(Str) is the string expression to count. It must be enclosed in quotation marks.
None
Example
StrLen(“Net Profit”) returns the numeric expression 10 for the number of characters in the string.
StrToNum
Converts the specified string expression to a numeric value.
StrToNum (“Str”) ;
(Str) is the string expression to convert to a numeric expression. It must be enclosed in quotation marks.
If any non-numeric characters are included in the string expression, zero (0) is returned. The only exception is when non-numeric characters are located at the end of the string expression, in which case, they are dropped from the numeric expression.
Example
StrToNum(“1170.50”) returns the numeric expression 1170.50.
SumList
Returns the sum of the inputs.
(Num1) is a numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num2) is a second numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation.
(Num3) is a third numeric expression representing a value to be used in the calculation, etc.
Examples
SumList(45, 72, 86, 125, 47) returns a value of 375.
SumList(18, 67, 98, 24, 65, 19) returns a value of 291.
Sunday
Returns the number 0 as the value for Sunday.
The value returned is an integer representing Sunday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Sunday).
Example
Sunday returns a value of 0 as the value for Sunday.
SymbolName
Returns a string expression representing the symbol name. See also GetSymbolName.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
SymbolNumber
Returns a numeric expression representing the symbol number defined in the GlobalServer symbol portfolio. See also CommodityNumber and Cusip.
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
SymbolRoot
Returns a string expression representing the root of the symbol (for futures and options only).
Note This word can only be referenced when writing analysis techniques for RadarScreen and OptionStation. This word is not available for use with EasyLanguage for use with charting applications such as TradeStation or SuperCharts.
T
T
Shortcut notation that returns the Time of a bar.
Anytime the Time of a bar is needed, the letter T can be used in an equivalent fashion. T returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
T returns 1600 if the Time of the bar is 4:00pm.
T returns 0930 if the Time of the bar is 9:30am.
Additional Example
To check the Time of the previous bar write:
T of 1 bar ago
Tangent
Returns the tangent value of the specified (Num) of degrees.
(Num) is a numeric expression to be used in the calculation.
The tangent the trigonometric function that for an acute angle is the ratio between the leg opposite to the angle when it is considered part of a right triangle and the leg adjacent, also equal to the sine divided by the cosine.
(Num) should be the number of degrees in the angle.
Examples
Tangent(45) returns a value of 1.0.
Tangent(72) returns a value of 3.0776.
Target
This word has been reserved for future use.
TargetType
This word has been reserved for future use.
Text
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
Text_Delete
Deletes the specified text object.
Text_Delete (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
If the text cannot be deleted, TX_Delete returns an error code. When the text is successfully deleted, it returns 0. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following deletes the text object with the identification number 3:
Text_Delete(3);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you can assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = Text_Delete(3) ;
Text_GetColor
Returns the numeric value corresponding to the color of the specified text object.
Text_GetColor (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
For a list of possible colors and their corresponding numeric values, see EasyLanguage Colors.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the numeric value corresponding to the color. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the numeric color value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The text object with the identification number 1 is yellow. Therefore, the following returns the value 7.
Value1 = Text_GetColor(1) ;
Text_GetDate
Returns the date where the specified text object’s left edge begins in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and higher).
Text_GetDate (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the date is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the date returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The text object with the identification number 1 begins on February 14, 1999. The following returns 990214.
Value1 = Text_GetDate(1) ;
Text_GetFirst
Returns the identification number of the first text object drawn in the chart.
Text_GetFirst (Pref) ;
…where (Pref) is a numeric expression representing the origin of the text object for which you want to obtain the identification number:
1 = text created by an analysis technique
2 = text created by the text drawing object only, and
3 = text created by either the text drawing object or an analysis technique
Note Using a value other than 1, 2 or 3 causes the reserved word to assume a value of 3.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the identification number is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
You must assign the reserved word to a numeric variable to obtain the identification number (or error code) returned by the reserved word. The following returns the identification number of the first text object drawn on the chart, regardless of how it was drawn.
Value1 = Text_GetFirst(3) ;
Text_GetHStyle
Returns the horizontal alignment setting for the specified text object.
Text_GetHStyle (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
The horizontal alignment settings are 0 for Left, 1 for Right or 2 for Centered. These correspond to the three selections in the HAlign drop-down list in the Style tab of the Format Text dialog box.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a horizontal alignment setting 0 through 2 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the horizontal alignment setting returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. When the text object with the identification number 1 is centered, the following returns a value of 2.
Value1 = Text_GetHStyle(1) ;
Text_GetNext
Returns the identification number of a text of specified origin created immediately after the specified text.
Text_GetNext (TX_Ref, Pref) ;
(TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Pref) is a numeric expression representing the origin of the text for which you want to obtain the identification number:
1 = text created by an analysis technique
2 = text created by the text drawing object only, and
3 = text created by either the text drawing object or an analysis technique
Note Using a value other than 1, 2 or 3 causes the reserved word to assume a value of 3.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the identification number for the text is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the identification number returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The following returns the identification number of the text drawn on the chart after the text with the identification number 0, and by the text drawing object.
Value1 = Text_GetNext(0, 2) ;
Text_GetString
Returns the string value of the specified text object.
Text_GetString (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the text string is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following returns the text string used by the text object with the identification number 1. In order to obtain the text string, you must assign the reserved word to a string variable, as follows:
TextString = Text_GetString(1) ;
Note EasyLanguage doesn’t provide pre-declared string variables so you will have to declare your own string variable in order to assign the reserved word to it.
Text_GetTime
Returns the time at which the specified text object is anchored (based on its horizontal and vertical alignment), in the format HHMM.
Text_GetTime (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the time at which the text object is anchored is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following returns 1300 when the text object with the identification number 1 is anchored at 1:00pm. To obtain the time returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable.
Value1 = Text_GetTime(0) ;
Text_GetValue
Returns the vertical axis (price) value at which the text object is anchored (based on its horizontal and vertical alignment).
Text_GetValue (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the price value at which the text object is anchored is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following returns a value of 41.543 when the text object with the identification number 5 is anchored at a price value of 41.543. To obtain the price value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable.
Value1 = Text_GetValue(5) ;
Text_GetVStyle
Returns the vertical alignment setting for the specified text object.
Text_GetVStyle (TX_Ref) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
The vertical alignment settings are 0 for Top, 1 for Bottom or 2 for Centered. These correspond to the three selections in the VAlign drop-down list in the Style tab of the Format Text dialog box.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a vertical alignment setting 0 through 2 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the vertical alignment setting returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. When the text object with the identification number 1 is centered, the following returns a value of 2.
Value1 = Text_GetVStyle(1) ;
Text_New
Creates a new text object in the specified location. You specify the location by providing a date, time, and price value as well as the string to add to the chart.
Text_New (cDate, tTime, nPrice, “Str1”) ;
(cDate) is the date at which the text object will start, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and later), or a numeric expression representing the start point date.
(tTime) is the time at which the text object will start, in HHMM format, or a numeric expression representing the start point time.
(nPrice) is the value for the start point of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the start point value.
(Str1) is the string expression providing the text to write on the chart at the specified location. The text must be enclosed in quotation marks.
Drawing objects are numbered by type in the order they are created, from 0 to n. Therefore, 0 is the identification number of the first drawing object of that type created, and n is the last object of the same type created.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the reserved word returns the identification number for the new text object. When the reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following would write the text Stock Split on the chart at the current date and time, at the high price plus 20 points. You must assign the reserved word to a numeric variable in order to obtain the identification number for the text object.
Value1 = Text_New(Date, Time, High + 20, "Stock Split");
Note By default, text objects are anchored using the left horizontal and top vertical alignment settings. You can change this and any other formatting setting using the other Text Drawing reserved words.
Text_SetColor
Sets the color for the specified text object.
Text_SetColor (TX_Ref, Clr) ;
(TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Clr) corresponds to the numeric value or EasyLanguage reserved word corresponding to the color of the text object. See EasyLanguage Colors for a list of valid colors.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To set the text object with the identification number 1 to yellow, you would write either of the following:
Text_SetColor(1, 7);
Text_SetColor(1, Yellow);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = Text_SetColor(1, 7);
Text_SetLocation
Moves the specified text object to the specified location.
Text_SetLocation (TX_Ref, cDate, tTime, nPrice) ;
(TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(cDate) is a the date at which the text object will be anchored, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and later), or a numeric expression representing the start point date.
(tTime) is the time at which the text object will be anchored, in HHMM format, or a numeric expression representing the start point time.
(nPrice) is the vertical axis (price) level at which the text object will be anchored, or a numeric expression representing the start point value.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following moves the text object with the identification number 2 to January 14, 1999, 3:00pm, at 150.
Text_SetLocation(2, 990114, 1500, 150.00) ;
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = Text_SetLocation(2, 990114, 1500, 150.00) ;
Text_SetString
Specifies the text string to use in the specified text object.
Text_SetString (TX_Ref, “Str1”) ;
…where (TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
…where (Str1) is the text string to write on the chart. The text string must be enclosed in quotation marks.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following is used to change the string in the text object with the identification number 1 to New String.
Text_SetString(1, "New String") ;
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = Text_SetString(1, "New String") ;
Text_SetStyle
Specifies the anchor position (horizontal and vertical alignment settings) for the specified text object.
Text_SetStyle (TX_Ref, Horiz, Vert) ;
(TX_Ref) is the identification number of the text object, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Horiz) is the horizontal alignment setting for the text object, 0 for Left, 1 for Right, and 2 for Centered, or a numeric expression representing the setting.
(Vert) is the vertical alignment setting for the text object, 0 for Top, 1 for Bottom, and 2 for Centered, or a numeric expression representing the setting.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following changes the anchor position (horizontal and vertical alignment settings) of the text object with the identification number 1 to the left center of the text object.
Text_SetStyle(1, 0, 2);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = Text_SetStyle(1, 0, 2);
Than
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If High > than the Highest(Close, 14) Then the word "than" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
The
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If High > than the Highest(Close, 14) Then the word "the" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
Then
This word is used to introduce a condition that will be evaluated to determine execution of additional code.
The second part of an If… Then or If… Then… Else statement. If… Then statements allow you to check a true/false condition, and then take a specific action depending on the outcome of the condition. If the condition is true, the action after “Then” is executed.
Examples
If Condition1 Then
(Your Code Line1} Then is used here to designate the Line1 as the code that will be executed based on the outcom of Condition1. The Line1 code will be executed if Condition1 returns a value of True. If Condition1 is false, the Line1 code will not be executed.
If Condition1 And Condition2 Then
Begin
{Your Code Line1}
{Your Code Line2, etc.}
End
Else
Begin
{Your Code Line3}
{Your Code Line4, etc.}
End; Then is used here to designate the Line1 as the code that will be executed based on the outcom of Condition1. The Line1 and Line2 code will be executed if Condition1 and Condition2 return a value of True. If Condition1 or Condition2 is false, the Line3 and Line4 code will be executed.
TheoreticalGrossIn
Returns the amount required (or received) in order to establish a position at its theoretical value.
Debit positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Example
Plot1(TheoreticalGrossIn of Position, "TGI" );
TheoreticalGrossOut
Returns the amount required (or received) in order to close a position at its theoretical value.
Positive numbers will represent the amount received when closing the position and negative numbers will represent the amound that must be paid to close the position.
Example
Plot1(TheoreticalGrossOut of Position, "TGO" );
TheoreticalValue
Returns the modeled value of an option or position leg.
Example
If TheoreticalValue of Option < Close of Option then
Alert("Over Priced Option");
Theta
Returns the Theta value of an option, leg, or position. The value of Theta can also be established in a Pricing Model by using Theta(Value).
Debit positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If Theta of Option > HighVal Then
Alert("High Theta");
In a Pricing Model, you can set the value of Theta by using the following syntax:
Theta(0);
This
Reserved word used to refer to the present bar.
This is normally used with Bar or Day to specify the current Bar or Day.
Examples
Buy This Bar on Close refers to a Long Entry placed on the Close of the current bar
Sell This Bar on Close refers to a Short Entry placed on the Close of the current bar
Thursday
Returns the number 4 as the value for Thursday.
The value returned is an integer representing Thursday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Thursday).
Example
Thursday returns a value of 4 as the value for Thursday.
Ticks
Reserved word that represents multiple increments of the Price Scale.
Ticks is similar to Points and can be used interchangeably.
Examples
Close + 5 ticks returns the Close price plus five increments of the Price Scale added to it.
Low - 2 ticks returns the Low of the bar minus two increments of the Price Scale.
Additional Example
An exit statement can be written to prevent large losses by:
ExitLong This Bar at EntryPrice - 3 ticks Stop;
TickType
What kind of tick triggered the option core event: Asset, Option, Future, or Model.
Time
Reserved word used to return the Time of the current bar.
Time returns the time in 24-hour format.
Examples
Time returns 1600 if the Time of the bar is 4:00pm.
Time returns 0930 if the Time of the bar is 9:30am.
Additional Example
To check the Time of the previous bar write:
Time of 1 bar ago
TL_Delete
Deletes the specified trendline from the chart.
TL_Delete (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
If the trendline cannot be deleted, TL_Delete returns an error code. When the trendline is successfully deleted, it returns 0. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following deletes the trendline with the identification number 3:
TL_Delete(3);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you can assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_Delete(Value1) ;
TL_GetAlert
Returns the alert status of the specified trendline object. 0 = no alert, 1 = Breakout Intrabar, 2 = Breakout on Close.
TL_GetAlert (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number of the trendline.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns a value of 0, 1 or 2, indicating the alert status. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the alert status returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable
. The following obtains the alert status for the trendline with the identification number 2.
Value1 = TL_GetAlert(2) ;
TL_GetBeginDate
Returns the date on which the specified trendline begins, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and higher).
TL_GetBeginDate (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the date. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the date returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The trendline with the identification number 6 begins on January 14, 1999. The following will return 990114.
Value1 = TL_GetBeginDate(6) ;
TL_GetBeginTime
Returns the time at which the specified trendline begins (in 24-hour format, HHMM).
TL_GetBeginTime (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the time. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the time returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The starting point for the trendline with the identification number 2 is at 1:00pm. The following will return 1300.
Value1 = TL_GetBeginTime(2) ;
TL_GetBeginVal
Returns the vertical axis (price) value at which the specified trendline begins.
TL_GetBeginVal (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the price value. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the price value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable
. The trendline with the identification number 5 begins at a price of 41.543. The following will return 41.543.
Value1 = TL_GetBeginVal(5) ;
TL_GetColor
Returns the numeric value corresponding to the color of the specified trendline.
TL_GetColor (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
For a list of possible colors and their corresponding numeric values, see EasyLanguage Colors.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the numeric value corresponding to the color. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the numeric color value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The trendline with the identification number 1 is yellow. Therefore, the following returns the value 7.
Value1 = TL_GetColor(1) ;
TL_GetEndDate
Returns the date on which the specified trendline ends in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and higher).
TL_GetEndDate (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the date is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the date returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The trendline with the identification number 1 ends on February 14, 1999. The following returns 990214.
Value1 = TL_GetEndDate(1) ;
TL_GetEndTime
Returns the time at which the specified trendline ends (in 24-hour format, HHMM).
TL_GetEndTime (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the time is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the time returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The trendline with the identification number 3 ends at 10:00am. The following returns 1000.
Value1 = TL_GetEndTime(3) ;
TL_GetEndVal
Returns the vertical axis (price) value of the end of the specified trendline object.
TL_GetEndVal (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the price value is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the price value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable
. The trendline with the identification number 4 ends at a price of 41.543. The following returns a value of 41.543.
Value1 = TL_GetEndVal(4) ;
TL_GetExtLeft
Returns a value of true when the specified trendline is extended to the left, and a value of false when it is not extended to the left.
TL_GetExtLeft (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the true or false value is returned, indicating whether or not the trendline is extended left. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the true/false value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a true/false variable. The trendline with the identification number 12 is not extended to the left. The following returns the value false.
Condition1 = TL_GetExtLeft(12) ;
TL_GetExtRight
Returns a value of true when the specified trendline is extended to the right, and a value of false when it is not extended to the right.
TL_GetExtRight (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the true or false value is returned, indicating whether or not the trendline is extended right. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the true/false value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a true/false variable. The trendline with the identification number 12 is extended to the right. The following returns the value true.
Condition1 = TL_GetExtRight(12) ;
TL_GetFirst
Returns the identification number of the first trendline inserted in a chart.
TL_GetFirst (Pref) ;
…where (Pref) is a numeric expression representing the origin of the trendline for which you want to obtain the identification number:
1 = trendline created by an analysis technique
2 = trendline created by the trendline drawing object only, and
3 = trendline created by either the trendline drawing object or an analysis technique
Note Using a value other than 1, 2 or 3 causes the reserved word to assume a value of 3.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the identification number is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
You must assign the reserved word to a numeric variable to obtain the identification number (or error code) returned by the reserved word. The following returns the identification number of the first trendline drawn on the chart, regardless of how it was rawn.
Value1 = TL_GetFirst(3) ;
TL_GetNext
Returns the identification number of a trendline of specified origin created immediately after the specified trendline.
TL_GetNext (TL_Ref, Pref) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Pref) is a numeric expression representing the origin of the trendline for which you want to obtain the identification number:
1 = trendline created by an analysis technique
2 = trendline created by the trendline drawing object only, and
3 = trendline created by either the trendline drawing object or an analysis technique
Note Using a value other than 1, 2 or 3 causes the reserved word to assume a value of 3.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the identification number for the trendline is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the identification number returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The following returns the identification number of the trendline drawn on the chart after the trendline with the identification number 0, and by the trendline drawing object.
Value1 = TL_GetNext(0, 2) ;
TL_GetSize
Returns the line thickness setting (weight) for the specified trendline.
TL_GetSize (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
Line thickness ranges from 0 (thinnest) to 6 (thickest). These correspond to the seven selections in the Weight drop-down list in the Style tab of the Format Trendline dialog box.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a line thickness setting 0 through 6 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the line thickness value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. When the trendline with the identification number 1 is drawn with the third heaviest weight. The following returns a value of 2.
Value1 = TL_GetSize(1) ;
L_GetStyle
Returns the line style setting for the specified trendline.
TL_GetStyle (TL_Ref) ;
…where (TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
There are 5 possible line styles:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
These correspond to the five selections in the Style drop-down list in the Style tab of the Format Trendline dialog box.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, it returns the number corresponding to the line style setting. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the line style value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable. The trendline with the identification number 1 is drawn using a solid line style. The following returns 1.
Value1 = TL_GetStyle(1) ;
Returns the vertical axis (price) value of the specified trendline at the specific date and time.
TL_GetValue (TL_Ref, cDate, tTime) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(cDate) is the date for which you want the value of the trendline, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and later).
(tTime) is the time at which you want the value of the trendline (in 24-hour format, HHMM).
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the vertical axis (price) value is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To obtain the price value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable
. On January 7, 1999 at 4:00pm, the trendline with the identification number 5 intersects the price value of 53.350. The following returns 53.350.
Value1 = TL_GetValue(5, 990107, 1600) ;
Creates a new trendline with the specified start and end points. To identify the start and end points, you provide the date, time and value for both.
TL_New (sDate, sTime, sVal, eDate, eTime, eVal) ;
(sDate) is the date for the start point of the trendline, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and later), or a numeric expression representing the start point date.
(sTime) is the time for the start point of the trendline (in 24-hour format, HHMM), or a numeric expression representing the start point time.
(sVal) is the value for the start point of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the start point value.
(eDate) is the date for the end point of the trendline, in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format (three digits are used to express the year 2000 and later), or a numeric expression representing the end point date.
(eTime) is the time for the end point of the trendline (in 24-hour format, HHMM), or a numeric expression representing the end point time.
(eVal) is the value of the end point of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the end point value.
Drawing objects are numbered by type in the order they are created, from 0 to n. Therefore, 0 is the identification number of the first drawing object of that type created, and n is the last object of the same type created.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, the reserved word returns the identification number for the new trendline. When the reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following creates a trendline that begins a 9:30am on January 7, 1999 at a value of 45, and ends at 4:00pm on January 25, 1999 at a value of 37.250:
Value1 = TL_New(990107, 0930, 45, 990125, 1600, 37.250) ;
You must assign the reserved word to a numeric variable in order to obtain the identification number for the trendline.
TL_SetAlert
Sets the alert status for the specified trendline.
TL_SetAlert (TL_Ref, alertVal) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(alertVal) is the alert setting for the trendline:
0 = no alert
1 = Breakout Intrabar alert, and
2 = Breakout on Close alert
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following sets the alert of the trendline with the identification number 1 to Breakout Intrabar:
TL_SetAlert(1, 1);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you can assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetAlert(1, 1);
TL_SetBegin
Sets the beginning of the specified trendline.
TL_SetBegin (TL_Ref, sDate, sTime, sVal) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(sDate) is the starting date for the trendline (in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format).
(sTime) is the starting time for the trendline (in 24-hour format, HHMM).
(sVal) is the starting value for the trendline.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following sets the trendline with the identification number 4 to a value of 107.225 on February 21, 1999 at 10am.
TL_SetBegin(4, 990221, 1015, 107.225);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you can assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetBegin(4, 990221, 1015, 107.225);
TL_SetColor
Sets the color for the specified trendline.
TL_SetColor (TL_Ref, Clr) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Clr) corresponds to the numeric value or EasyLanguage reserved word corresponding to the color of the trendline. See EasyLanguage Colors for a list of valid colors.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
To set the color of the trendline with the identification number 1 to yellow, you would write either of the following:
TL_SetColor(1, 7);
TL_SetColor(1, Yellow);
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetColor(1, 7);
TL_SetEnd
Sets the end point of the specified trendline object based on the specified parameters.
TL_SetEnd (TL_Ref, eDate, eTime, eVal) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(eDate) is the ending date of the trendline (in YYMMDD or YYYMMDD format).
(eTime) is the ending time of the trendline (in 24-hour format, HHMM).
(eVal) is the ending value of the trendline.
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following sets the end point of the first trendline created in a chart to a value of 207.125 on February 21, 1999 at 3:15pm.
TL_SetEnd(0, 990221, 1515, 207.125);
To obtain the error code (or 0 for no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetEnd(0, 990221, 1515, 207.125);
TL_SetExtLeft
Specifies whether or not to extend left the specified trendline.
TL_SetExtLeft (TL_Ref, tfExt) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(tfExt) specifies the extend status of the trendline:
True = extend left
False = do not extend left
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following turns off the extend left status of the second trendline created in a chart (i.e., the trendline will not extend left):
TL_SetExtLeft(1, False);
To obtain the error code (or 0 for no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetExtLeft(1, False);
TL_SetExtRight
Specifies whether or not to extend right the specified trendline.
TL_SetExtRight (TL_Ref, tfExt) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(tfExt) specifies the extend status of the trendline:
True = extend right
False = do not extend right
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following turns on the extend right status of the second trendline created in a chart (i.e., the trendline will extend right):
TL_SetExtRight(1, True);
To obtain the true/false value returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetExtRight(1, True);
TL_SetSize
Sets the width (line thickness) setting for the specified trendline object.
TL_SetSize (TL_Ref, Size) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Size) is the thickness value for the trendline.
Thickness widths range from 0 (the thinnest) to 6 (the thickest).
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following sets the size of the fifth trendline created in a chart to the fourth thickest width:
TL_SetSize(4, 3) ;
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetSize(4, 3) ;
TL_SetStyle
Sets the line style setting for the specified trendline.
TL_SetStyle (TL_Ref, Style) ;
(TL_Ref) is the identification number of the trendline, or a numeric expression representing the identification number.
(Style) is the line style setting for the trendline.
There are 5 possible line styles:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
When the reserved word performs its operation successfully, a 0 is returned. When a reserved word cannot perform its operation, it returns an error code. For a list of error codes, see Trendline and Text Error Codes.
Example
The following sets the line style of the fifth trendline created in a chart to Tool_Dotted (dotted):
TL_SetStyle(4, 3) ;
To obtain the error code (or 0 when no error) returned by the reserved word, you need to assign the reserved word to a numeric variable, as follows:
Value1 = TL_SetStyle(4, 3);
To
This word is used as a part of a For statement where the execution values will be increasing to a finishing value.
To will always be placed between two arithmetic expressions.
Examples
For Value5 = Length To Length + 10 Begin
{Your Code Here}
End; To is used here to indicate that for each value of Value5 from Length to Length plus 10, the following Begin… End loop will be executed.
Variables: Sum(0), Counter(0);
Sum = 0;
For Counter = 0 To Length - 1 Begin
Sum = Sum + Price[Counter];
End; To is used here to accumulate the variable Sum for each value of Counter from 0 to Length minus one.
Today
This word is retained for backward compatibility. Today is used to reference the most current bar, even when analyzing intra-day bars. Today is no longer necessary as the following are equivalent:
Value1 = Close of Today;
Value1 = Close;
Tool_Black
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
Tomorrow references the next bar, even when analyzing intra-day bars.
Tomorrow is no longer necessary as the following are equivalent:
Buy at Open Tomorrow + Range Stop;
Buy at Open Next Bar + Range Stop;
Buy at Open[-1] + Range Stop;
Tool_Blue
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Blue.
Tool_Cyan
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Cyan.
Tool_DarkBlue
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkBlue.
Tool_DarkBrown
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkBrown.
Tool_DarkCyan
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkCyan.
Tool_DarkGray
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkGray.
Tool_DarkGreen
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkGreen.
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkMagenta.
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkRed.
Tool_DarkYellow
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word DarkYellow.
Tool_Dashed
Line style used for trendlines.
There are 5 line styles available for use in charting:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
Line style used for trendlines.
There are 5 line styles available for use in charting:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
Line style used for trendlines.
There are 5 line styles available for use in charting:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
Line style used for trendlines.
There are 5 line styles available for use in charting:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Green
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Green.
Tool_LightGray
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word LightGray.
Tool_Magenta
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Magenta.
Tool_Red
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Red.
Tool_Solid
Line style used for trendlines.
There are 5 line styles available for use in charting:
Style Name Number
Tool_Solid 1 (solid)
Tool_Dashed 2 (dashed)
Tool_Dotted 3 (dotted)
Tool_Dashed2 4 (dashed pattern)
Tool_Dashed3 5 (dashed pattern)
Tool_White
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word White.
Tool_Yellow
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Reserved Word Yellow.
Total
Reserved word used in an Exit statement to specify the number of contracts to exit from a Long or Short entry.
Specifying the number of contracts to exit from a position is not required in an Exit Statement.
Total is exclusively used in an Exit condition to specify the number of contracts to exit.
Examples
ExitShort 1 contract total next bar at market; generates an order to exit only one contract from a short position on the first price of the next bar.
ExitLong 1 contract total next bar at market; generates an order to exit only one contract from a long position on the first price of the next bar.
Additional Example
ExitLong 5 contracts total next bar at market; generates an order to exit only five contracts from a long position on the first price of the next bar.
TotalBarsLosTrades
Returns the total number of bars that elapsed during losing trades for all closed trades.
Examples
TotalBarsLosTrade returns 73 if the number of bars elapsed during 4 losing trades were 40, 23, 6 and 4.
TotalBarsLosTrade returns 10 if the number of bars elapsed during 2 losing trades were 7, and 3.
TotalBarsWinTrades
Returns the total number of bars that elapsed during winning trades for all closed trades.
Examples
TotalBarsWinTrade returns 73 if the number of bars elapsed during 4 winning trades were 40, 23, 6 and 4.
TotalBarsWinTrade returns 10 if the number of bars elapsed during 2 winning trades were 7, and 3.
TotalTrades
Returns the total number of closed trades.
Examples
TotalTrades returns 7 if the number of closed trades is 7.
TotalTrades returns 5 if the number of closed trades is 5.
TrailingStopAmt
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Trailing Stop LX and Trailing Stop SX.
TrailingStopFloor
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Trailing Stop LX and Trailing Stop SX.
TrailingStopPct
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
This word has been replaced by the Signals Trailing Stop LX and Trailing Stop SX.
True
This word is used as the value for an input or valid condition.
True can only be used in easy language as the value for a True/False input.
True is the value returned by a correct or valid condtition such as, 0 > 1.
Examples
Input:Test(True); would set the value of an input “Test” to a default value of True.
If 50 < 100 Then would result in a value of True and the statement following Then would be executed.
TrueFalse
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
The type of value returned by a function.
TrueFalse can be used for inputs that can be either TrueFalseSimple or TrueFalseSeries.
Examples
Input: Switch(TrueFalse); declares the constant Switch as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function.
Input: Flag(TrueFalse); declares the constant Flag as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function.
TrueFalseArray
TrueFalseArray declares a function input as a true/false array being passed by value.
A Function Input is declared as a True/False array when it is passing in a TrueFalse array by value.
Example
Input: PassedValues[n](TrueFalseArray) indicates that a True/False array is being passed into the function by value through the Input PassedValues.
TrueFalseArrayRef declares a function input as a true/false array being passed by reference.
A Function Input is declared as a TrueFalse array reference when it is passing in a True/False array by reference.
Examples
PassedValues[n](TrueFalseArrayRef) indicates that a True/False array is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValues.
TrueFalseRef
TrueFalseRef declares a function input as a True/False value being passed by reference.
A function Input is declared as a TrueFalse reference when it is passing in a value by reference.
Examples
PassedValue(TrueFalseRef) indicates that a True/False value is being passed into the function by reference through the Input PassedValue.
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
TrueFalseSeries is used for inputs that whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: Switch(TrueFalseSeries); declares the constant Switch as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function, where historical values of Switch are available.
Input: Flag(TrueFalseSeries); declares the constant Flag as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function, where historical values of Flag are available.
TrueFalseSimple
Reserved word used to define the type of input expected to be passed to a function.
NumericSimple can not be used for inputs whose values can be referred to historically.
Examples
Input: Switch(TrueFalseSimple); declares the constant Switch as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function, restricting Switch to be a value that does not contain historical values.
Input: Flag(TrueFalseSimple); declares the constant Flag as a TrueFalse value to be used in a function, restricting Flag to be a value that does not contain historical values.
TtlDbt_By_NetAssts
Returns the total debt divided by total assets.
Tuesday
Returns the number 2 as the value for Tuesday.
The value returned is an integer representing Tuesday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Tuesday).
Example
Tuesday returns a value of 2 as the value for Tuesday.
U
Under
This word is used to check for the direction of a cross between values.
Used in conjunction with the "crosses" to detect when a value crosses under, or becomes less than another value. A value (Value1) crosses under another value (Value2) whenever Value1 is less than Value2 in the current bar but Value 1 was equal to or greater than Value 2 in the previous bar.
Under is a synonym for Below.
Examples
If Average(Close, 9) Crosses Under the Average(Close, 18) Then …
Under is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the values two moving averages on the bar under consideration.
If Value1 Crosses Under Value2 Then …
Under is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2 on the bar under consideration.
This word is used to check for the direction of a cross between values.
Used in conjunction with the "crosses" to detect when a value crosses under, or becomes less than another value. A value (Value1) crosses under another value (Value2) whenever Value1 is less than Value2 in the current bar but Value 1 was equal to or greater than Value 2 in the previous bar.
Under is a synonym for Below.
Examples
If Average(Close, 9) Crosses Under the Average(Close, 18) Then ….
Under is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the values two moving averages on the bar under consideration.
If Value1 Crosses Under Value2 Then Under is used here to determine the direction of the cross of the variables Value1 and Value2 on the bar under consideration.
UnionSess1EndTime
Returns the latest time of all the first session end times when a technique is applied to more than one data set.
UnionSess1EndTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess1EndTime is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e. multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess1EndTime returns 1500 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
UnionSess1EndTime returns 1615 when applied to IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
UnionSess1FirstBar
Returns the time of the earliest First bar generated during the first session of trading of the day.
UnionSess1FirstBarTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess1FirstBarTime is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e. multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess1FirstBarTime returns 1000 when applied to IBM data with a 30 minute compression.
UnionSess1FirstBarTime returns 0825 when applied to US Treasury Bond Data with a 5 minute compression.
UnionSess1StartTime
Returns the earliest starting time of the first trading session when a technique is applied to more than one data set.
UnionSess1StartTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess1StartTime is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e., multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess1StartTime returns 0820 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
UnionSess1StartTime returns 0930 when applied to IBM trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
UnionSess2EndTime
Returns the latest time of all the second session end times when a technique is applied to more than one data set.
UnionSess2EndTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess2EndTime is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e. multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess2EndTime returns 0745 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
UnionSess2EndTime returns 0915 when applied to the S&P 500 Futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
UnionSess2FirstBar
Returns the time of the earliest First bar generated during the first session of trading of the day.
UnionSess2FirstBar returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess2FirstBar is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e. multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess2FirstBar returns 1715 when applied to S&P 500 Futures data with a 30 minute compression.
UnionSess2FirstBar returns 1535 when applied to US Treasury Bond Data with a 5 minute compression.
UnionSess2StartTime
Returns the earliest starting time of the first trading session when a technique is applied to more than one data set.
UnionSess2StartTime returns the time in 24-hour format.
UnionSess2StartTime is normally used when a technique is applied to more than one data set (i.e. multi-data chart).
Examples
UnionSess2StartTime returns 1530 when applied to the US Treasury Bonds trading on the Chicago Board of Trade.
UnionSess2StartTime returns 1645 when applied to the S&P 500 Futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Units
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
UNSIGNED
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Until
This word is reserved for future use.
UpperStr
Used to convert a string expression to uppercase letters.
UpperStr (“Str”) ;
(Str) the string expression to change to uppercase letters. Make sure the string expression is enclosed in quotation marks.
Example
UpperStr("sunny”) returns the string expression “SUNNY”.
UpTicks
Returns the number of ticks on a bar whose value is higher than the tick immediately preceding it.
Returns the Up volume of a bar when Trade Volume is used for the chart.
Examples
UpTicks returns 5 if there were 5 ticks on a bar whose value was higher than the tick immediately preceding it.
UpTicks returns 12 if there were 12 ticks on a bar whose value was higher than the tick immediately preceding it.
Additional Example
To check if a bar of data appears to reflect a steady upturn, compare UpTicks to DownTicks:
Value1 = Upticks - DownTicks;
V
Shortcut notation that returns the Volume of a bar.
Anytime the Volume of a bar is needed, the letter V can be used in an equivalent fashion.
Examples
V of 1 bar ago returns the Volume of the previous bar.
Average(V, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Volume prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Volume prices lower than the previous bar write:
If V < V[1] and V[1] < V[2] then Plot1(High,"Falling");
Variable(s) or Var(s)
Reserved word used to declare multiple variable names to be used in a technique.
A variable name can contain up to 20 alphanumeric characters plus the period ( . ) and the underscore ( _ ).
A variable name can not start with a number or a period ( . ).
The default value of a variable is declared by a number in parenthesis after the input name.
Examples
Variables: Countup(0), Countdown(10);
declares the variables Countup and Countdown and initializes their values to zero and ten, respectively.
Variables: MADiff(0), XMADiff(0);
declares the variables MADiff and XMADiff, initializing the values of both to zero.
VARSIZE
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage.
VARSTARTADDR
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage.
Vega
Returns the Vega value of an option, leg, or position. The value of Vega can also be established in a Pricing Model by using Vega(Value).
Debit will positions will return positive numbers and credit positions will return negative numbers.
Examples
If Vega of Option > HighVal Then
Alert("High Vega");
In a Pricing Model, you can set the value of Vega by using the following syntax:
Vega(0);
VOID
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Volume
Reserved word used to return the Volume of the specified time increment or group of ticks.
V can be used in place of Volume.
Examples
Volume of 1 bar ago returns the Volume of the previous bar.
Average(Volume, 10) returns the Average of the last 10 Volume prices.
Additional Example
To check that the last two bars have Volume prices lower than the previous bar write:
If Volume < Volume[1] and Volume[1] < Volume[2] then Plot1(High,"Falling");
Was
Skip word.
This word is skipped in EasyLanguage and is not necessary. These skipped words however, do make it easier to understand the purpose of the code.
By default, unnecessary words and sections marked as comments will appear dark green in the EasyLanguage PowerEditor.
Example
If Close was < than the Lowest(Close, 14) Then…
the word "was" is not necessary and the code functions the same way regardless of its presence.
Wednesday
Returns the number 3 as the value for Wednesday .
The value returned is an integer representing Wednesday and is the same value returned by using the function DayOfWeek(Wednesday ).
Example
Wednesday
…returns a value of 3 as the value for Wednesday.
While
This word initiates a While loop statement.
A While loop statement defines a set of instructions that are executed until a true/false expression returns false. The number of iterations the While loop performs depends on the value returned by the true/false expression following While.
Example
While Condition1 Begin
{Your Code Here};
End;
While is used here to initiate the code contained in the Begin… End section until Condition1 returns a value of False. If Condition1 is false, the While loop is not executed.
White
Sets the plot color or background color to White.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see EasyLanguage Colors and Their Corresponding Numeric Values.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", White) plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to White.
TL_SetColor(1, White) sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to White.
WORD
Reserved for use with custom DLLs designed for EasyLanguage. Refer to the documentation in Omega Research Developer's Kit for more information about this and the EasyLanguage Tool Kit Library ELKIT32.DLL.
Year
Returns the corresponding year for the specified calendar date. (1998 = 98, 2001 = 101)
(cDate) is a numeric expression representing the six or seven digit calendar date in the format YYMMDD or YYYMMDD respectively. (1999 = 99, 2001 = 101)
Examples
Year(990613) returns a value of 99 because 990613 represents June 13, 1999.
Year(1011220) returns a value of 101 because 1011220 represents December 20, 2001.
Yellow
Sets the plot color or background color to Yellow.
There are 16 colors available in EasyLanguage. For more information, see Appendix B: Styles.
Examples
Plot1(Value1, “Test", Yellow)
plots Value1 with the name Test, and sets the color of Plot1 to Yellow.
TL_SetColor(1, Yellow)
sets the color of a TrendLine with a reference number of 1 to Yellow.
This word is retained for backward compatibility.
Yesterday references the previous bar, even when analyzing intra-day bars.
Yesterday is no longer necessary as the following are equivalent:
Value1 = Close of Yesterday;
Value1 = Close of 1 Bar Ago;
Value1 = Close[1];
xx